Timing the Microbes: The Circadian Rhythm of the Gut Microbiome
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock system, which includes the master clock and peripheral clocks, times different biological processes in reaction to external cues, such as the light-dark cycle. However, the chronobiology of prokaryotic cells is less well understood, except for in cyanobacteria. The recent blooming of gut microbiome research has revealed a critical role for the trillions of microbes residing in the vertebrate gut in determining both health and disease in the host. The question of whether the gut microbiome exhibits circadian oscillation and how it synchronizes with the host circadian clock has attracted considerable interest. In this review, we discuss the time-of-day-dependent compositional and functional structure within the gut microbial community, how it is regulated by the host, and how it reciprocally influences the host circadian clock.
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The microbiota is a potential circadian clock modulator, affecting change to the peripheral and central clocks.
“Recent evidence has identified the microbiota as a potential circadian clock modulator, effecting change to the peripheral and central clocks (Liang and FitzGerald, 2017;Thaiss et al., 2014).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Liang and FitzGerald, 2017
The gut microbiota fluctuates based on nutrient availability and the level of host-derived auto-antibodies and peptides, both of which are associated with circadian rhythm oscillations.
“The microbiota fluctuates based on nutrient availability and the level of host-derived auto-antibodies and peptides, both of which are associated with circadian rhythm oscillations [20,22,23].”
From Effect of Diet on the Gut Microbiota: Rethinking Intervention Duration (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
The variability in gut microbiota is explained only in part by diet composition itself, with intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as circadian rhythm and feeding behaviours contributing.
“This variability is explained only in part by the diet composition itself, with a number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors thought to contribute such as circadian rhythm and feeding behaviours [20,21].”
From Effect of Diet on the Gut Microbiota: Rethinking Intervention Duration (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
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References 123 · Cited by 132
- Authors
- Liang, X., & FitzGerald, G. A.
- Affiliations
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- FitzGerald, Garret A.
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Rhythms
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2017-09-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 505-515
- ISSN
- 0748-7304 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-4531
- OpenAlex
- W2750769931
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 4.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Rhythms (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, circadian rhythm, chronobiology, host-microbe interactions, microbial community composition, microbial metabolism, diurnal variation
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Circadian Clocks
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