Applying Self-Determination Theory to Education: Regulations Types, Psychological Needs, and Autonomy Supporting Behaviors
Open accessAbstract
The self-determination theory (SDT) has been used to understand students’ motivation at school in general as well as in various school subjects. This literature review conducted on a number of SDT studies showed that (1) autonomous types of extrinsic motivation as well as intrinsic motivation leads to positive consequences for students; (2) the types of goals and the regulation behind them are also important to predict school outcomes; (3) when the psychological needs for competence, autonomy and relatedness are satisfied this leads to autonomous motivation or autonomous goals endorsement; (4) autonomy supportive practices by parents and teachers are important catalyzers of needs’ fulfillment; (5) intervention programs designed for teachers or parents focusing on these psychological needs usually lead to greater autonomous extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation and better adjustment outcomes. The implication of this theory for school psychologists is underscored as well as its implications for the practice of teaching.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Curiosity-based question-asking behaviors are almost absent from today's classrooms, and children's inquiries are very often low-level, memory-based questions that do not require much cognitive work.
“curiosity-based question-asking (QA) behaviors are shown to be almost absent from today's classrooms: children's inquiries are very often low-level questions that are memorybased and that do not require much cognitive work [16, 20]”
From GPT-3-Driven Pedagogical Agents to Train Children’s Curious Question-Asking Skills (2024) · cites this paper as [20]
Children's low-level questioning may be explained by their tendency to overestimate their knowledge, their incapacity to formulate syntactically-correct questions, and their fear of classmates' judgments.
“Possible explanations of this phenomena can be children's tendency to overestimate their knowledge and, thus, not having the need to ask further questions [16], their incapacity to formulate syntactically-correct questions [20], their fear of their classmates' judgments [43], etc.”
From GPT-3-Driven Pedagogical Agents to Train Children’s Curious Question-Asking Skills (2024) · cites this paper as [20]
Cites
The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01 · Cited by 34,210 · see citing works
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.68 · Cited by 27,815 · see citing works
Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/003465430298487 · Cited by 12,905 · see citing works
Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.627 · Cited by 7,176 · cited 2× · see citing works
“However, it has been shown that external regulation led to no positive outcomes (Howard et al., 2021) and could even decrease intrinsic motivation (Deci et al., 1999) and mental health.”
Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains.
Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.749 · Cited by 3,311 · see citing works
Further Examining the American Dream: Differential Correlates of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Goals
Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167296223006 · Cited by 2,745 · see citing works
Student Motivation and Associated Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis From Self-Determination Theory
Howard, J. L., Bureau, J., Guay, F., Chong, J. X. Y., & Ryan, R. M. (2021) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620966789 · Cited by 1,001 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chiu, T. K. F. (2024) · Educational technology research and development · doi:10.1007/s11423-024-10366-w · Cited by 235 · see citing works
GPT-3-Driven Pedagogical Agents to Train Children’s Curious Question-Asking Skills
Abdelghani, R., Wang, Y.-H., Yuan, X., Wang, T., Lucas, P., Sauzéon, H., & Oudeyer, P.-Y. (2024) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-023-00340-7 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Beketov, V., Lebedeva, M., & Taranova, M. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05471-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ramirez, K. B. C., Ong, A. K. S., & Tablan, J. P. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105286 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Guay, F.
- Affiliations
- Université Laval (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Guay, Frédéric
- ORCID
- Guay, Frédéric
- Venue
- Canadian Journal of School Psychology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-10-27
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 75-92
- ISSN
- 0829-5735 (ISSN-L)
- 2154-3984
- OpenAlex
- W3209571999
- Cited by
- 426
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 127 · 2025: 146 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 11
- FWCI
- 37.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Canadian Journal of School Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Keywords
- self-determination theory, student motivation, autonomous motivation, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, psychological needs, competence, autonomy, relatedness, teacher autonomy support, parental autonomy support, goal regulation, school adjustment, intervention program
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review