Longitudinal research with sexual assault survivors: a methodological review
Abstract
Longitudinal research designs are relatively rare in the academic literature on rape and sexual assault despite their tremendous methodological rigor and scientific utility. In the interest of promoting wider use of such methods, we conducted a methodological review of projects that have used prospective longitudinal designs to study the occurrence of sexual victimization throughout the lifespan and/or the process of change during rape recovery (N = 32 projects). Five questions were examined: (a) What were the substantive foci of these longitudinal studies? (b) How were survivors recruited? (c) What participation rates were typical? (d) How long were participants followed over time and with what success rates? and (e) What incentives were used to increase participation? Most studies focused on postassault sequelae and recruited survivors from hospital emergency departments and other first-response help-seeking sites with highly variable participation rates. Retention rates were comparable across studies (approximately 70%).
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Women are more likely to be victims of sexual assault/rape and they have a higher relative risk for PTSD than men.
“Women are more likely to be victims of sexual assault/rape and they have a higher relative risk for PTSD than men (Campbell et al., 2011;Elklit and Christiansen, 2013).”
From Risk and protective factors affecting the symptom trajectory of posttraumatic stress disorder post-rape (2022) · cites this paper as Campbell et al., 2011
Few studies have comprehensively investigated risk and protective factors for PTSD in a longitudinal prospective design, especially beyond the 3-month post-rape period and in low-and middle-income countries.
“Few studies have comprehensively investigated risk and protective factors for PTSD in a longitudinal prospective design, especially beyond the 3month post-rape period and in low-and middle-income countries (Campbell et al., 2011;Möller et al., 2014).”
From Risk and protective factors affecting the symptom trajectory of posttraumatic stress disorder post-rape (2022) · cites this paper as Campbell et al., 2011
Identifying risk factors present before trauma exposure and manifesting soon after a traumatic event could potentially guide early interventions and reduce the number of PTSD cases resulting from rape and sexual violence.
“Identifying risk factors present before trauma exposure and manifesting soon after a traumatic event could potentially guide early interventions and reduce the number of PTSD cases resulting from rape and sexual violence (Campbell et al., 2011;Möller et al., 2014).”
From Risk and protective factors affecting the symptom trajectory of posttraumatic stress disorder post-rape (2022) · cites this paper as Campbell et al., 2011
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References 82 · Cited by 35
- Authors
- Campbell, R., Brown Sprague, H., Cottrill, S., & Sullivan, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Michigan State University, East Lansing
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Campbell, Rebecca
- Venue
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-08-18
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 433-461
- ISSN
- 0886-2605 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6518
- OpenAlex
- W2108265063
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 0.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Michigan State University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
- Keywords
- sexual assault survivors, rape, longitudinal study design, retention rate, participation incentives, follow-up duration, emergency department
- MeSH terms
- Emergency Service, Hospital, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Motivation, Sex Offenses, Survivors, Crime Victims, Research Subjects
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