Teacher Reporting Attitudes Scale (TRAS): Confirmatory and Exploratory Factor Analyses With a Malaysian Sample
Open accessAbstract
The Teacher Reporting Attitude Scale (TRAS) is a newly developed tool to assess teachers' attitudes toward reporting child abuse and neglect. This article reports on an investigation of the factor structure and psychometric properties of the short form Malay version of the TRAS. A self-report cross-sectional survey was conducted with 667 teachers in 14 randomly selected schools in Selangor state, Malaysia. Analyses were conducted in a 3-stage process using both confirmatory (stages 1 and 3) and exploratory factor analyses (stage 2) to test, modify, and confirm the underlying factor structure of the TRAS in a non-Western teacher sample. Confirmatory factor analysis did not support a 3-factor model previously reported in the original TRAS study. Exploratory factor analysis revealed an 8-item, 4-factor structure. Further confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated appropriateness of the 4-factor structure. Reliability estimates for the four factors-commitment, value, concern, and confidence-were moderate. The modified short form TRAS (Malay version) has potential to be used as a simple tool for relatively quick assessment of teachers' attitudes toward reporting child abuse and neglect. Cross-cultural differences in attitudes toward reporting may exist and the transferability of newly developed instruments to other populations should be evaluated.
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The TRAS-CSA has been validated in both Australian and Malaysian contexts.
“This tool has been validated in both Australian and Malaysian contexts (α = 0.761; Choo et al., 2013; Walsh et al., 2010; Walsh and Rassafiani et al., 2012b).”
From Safe schools for teens: Preventing sexual abuse of urban poor teens, proof-of-concept study-improving teachers'and students'knowledge, skills and attitudes (2020) · cites this paper as Choo et al., 2013
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References 64 · Cited by 26
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Alzen, I. (2005). Attitudes, personality and behaviour (2nd ed.). Maindenhead, UK: Open University Press.
- Jal Zabdi, M. Y. (2010). The crime of child abuse and neglect [Jenayah Penderaan Kanak-Kanak]. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press.
- Mathews, B., Cronan, J., Walsh, K., Farrell, A., & Butler, D. (2008). Teachers' policy- based duties to report child sexual abuse: A comparative study. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Law & Education, 13(2), 23-37.
- Nunnally, J. O. (1978). Psychometric Theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
- Authors
- Choo, W. Y., Walsh, K., Chinna, K., & Tey, N. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Malaya (MY)
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- Venue
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-08-16
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 231-253
- ISSN
- 0886-2605 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6518
- OpenAlex
- W2141076108
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Queensland University of Technology
- Universiti Malaya
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Public Administration › Social Work Education and Practice
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- child abuse reporting, child neglect, teacher attitudes, factor structure, psychometric properties, Malay version, short-form scale, cross-cultural adaptation, commitment, values, concern, confidence, Selangor
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attitude to Health, Awareness, Child, Child Abuse, Child Advocacy, Cross-Sectional Studies, Faculty, Female, Humans, Malaysia, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schools, Socioeconomic Factors, Students, Mandatory Reporting, Self Efficacy
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