The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Social Determinants of Health—Relevant History, A Call to Action, An Organization’s Transformational Story, and What Can Employers Do?
Open accessAbstract
Relevant History of SDOH and a Call to Action F or decades, frontline health-care professionals have known of the downstream effects of SDOH.Working in a clinic or visiting patients in their homes told the story.Under-or unemployment, unsafe neighborhoods, failing schools, broken stairs, leaking roofs, peeling paint, empty refrigerators, mold and bugs, unfilled medication bottles, and unfit living conditions plague large sections of our population, dividing rich from poor, further disadvantaging minorities as the American Dream hangs tenuously in the balance.There is no question that disadvantage, discrimination, and poverty produce poor health, and that more and better health care, newer scanners, more procedures, and new medicines cannot change the outcome.So how did we get here?
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This report unveiled a perpetuating disparity in the burden of deaths and illnesses experienced by the Black community and other minority Americans as compared to the nation’s population as a whole [1].”
From Then, Now, Next: Unpacking the Shifting Trajectory of Social Determinants of Health (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“For decades, healthcare and public health professionals have identified a correlation between negative health outcomes among disadvantaged, marginalized, and low-income populations [1].”
From Then, Now, Next: Unpacking the Shifting Trajectory of Social Determinants of Health (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“However, efforts to address these health disparities did not commence until 1967 with the United Kingdom (UK) Whitehall study, which demonstrated a health gradient based on social status; higher socioeconomic status (SES) predicts better health, while lower SES predicts poorer health [1].”
From Then, Now, Next: Unpacking the Shifting Trajectory of Social Determinants of Health (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Marmot MG, Smith GD, Stansfeld S, et al. Health Inequalities among British Civil Servants: the Whitehall II Study. Lancet. 1991;37(8754):1387–1393. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/014067369193068K · DOI
- Heckler M, Margaret M. Secretary, Report of the Secretary’s Task Force Black & Minority Health, Volume 1, Executive Summary. Submitted to Congress January 1984. https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/assets/pdf/checked/1/ANDERSON.pdf · DOI
- Marmot M, Wilkinson R. Social Determinants of Health”, Resource Reviews; Health Promotion International. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000;15(1):87–88.
- Zimmerman F, Anderson NW. Trends in Health Equity in the United States by Race/Ethnicity, Sex, and Income, 1993-2017. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6): e196386. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2736934 · DOI
- Baradaran M. How the Other Half Banks: Exploitation and the Threat to Democracy; 2015. Available at: Amazon - https://www.amazon.com/s?k=How+the+other+half+banks&i=stripbooks&ref=nb_sb_noss_2 · DOI
- Health and Productivity Challenges for Lower-income Workers – Health Insurance, Plan Design and Barriers to Care, Integrated Benefits Institute; 2019. https://www.ibiweb.org/new-ifi-study-lower-wage-workers/ 19. For more information on measuring health equity in organizations,see: “6 Tips for Measuring Health Equity at Your Organization, Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), Available at: http://www.ihi.org/communities/blogs/6-tips-for-measuring-health-equity-at-your-organizationandPreventionInstitute, “Measuring What Works to Achieve Health Equity: Metrics for Determinants of Health”, Prepared for Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Revised June 2015, see https://www.preventioninstitute.org/publications/measuring-what-works-achieve-health-equity-metrics-determinants-health.FullReport available at: https://www.preventioninstitute.org/sites/default/files/publications/Measuring%20What%20Works%20to%20Achieve%20Health%20Equity%20_Full_Report.pdf “ Metrics that Matter for Population Health Action: Workshop Summary 2016”, National Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Available for download in PDF at: http://nap.edu/21899
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Then, Now, Next: Unpacking the Shifting Trajectory of Social Determinants of Health
Wallington, S. F., & Feger, C. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22101541 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Osmick, M. J., & Wilson, M.
- Affiliations
- Chester County Historical Society (US)
- Transition To Success LLC, Pasadena, Maryland, USA
- Venue
- American Journal of Health Promotion
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2020-01-13
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 219-224
- ISSN
- 0890-1171 (ISSN-L)
- 2168-6602
- OpenAlex
- W3000666003
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 2
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Health Promotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Public Health Policies and Education
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- social determinants of health, health equity, poverty, discrimination, housing conditions, neighborhood safety, education and health, organizational change, call to action
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, United States, Occupational Health, Workplace, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Social Determinants of Health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Social Determinants of Health—Relevant History, A Call to Action, An Organization’s Transformational Story, and What Can Employers Do? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0890117119896122d
- The paper
- Osmick, M. J., & Wilson, M. (2020). Social Determinants of Health—Relevant History, A Call to Action, An Organization’s Transformational Story, and What Can Employers Do? American Journal of Health Promotion. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890117119896122d
