The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Social Stratification and the Digital Divide
Abstract
Whereas recent studies show that the size of the Digital Divide has been shrinking for many groups, this article explores whether social-economic factors explain the racial, geographic, and gender divides. Rural, minority, and female respondents were less likely to have home computers or to be connected to the Internet. Controlling for socioeconomic variables, the effects of rural residence and gender disappeared but African Americans were still less likely to have home computers or Internet access. When public Internet access was examined, rural residence and gender had no effect but African Americans were more likely to know of public facilities in their community even when socioeconomic variables were controlled. Future research needs to better understand the implications of different ways of using new technology (i. e., public vs. private access) and determine if digital technology deepens socioeconomic chasms or provides new opportunities.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Previous studies found that males are more likely to use or own technological equipment compared with females (Wilson et al., 2003; Pinkard, 2005).”
From Older Adults Perceptions of Technology and Barriers to Interacting with Tablet Computers: A Focus Group Study (2017) · cites this paper as Wilson et al., 2003
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 19
- 10.1080/105846099198569 · DOI
- Bimber, B. (2000). Measuring the gender gap on the Internet. Social Science Quarterly, 81, 868-876.
- 10.1377/hlthaff.19.6.255 · DOI
- 10.1177/1081180X00005001005 · DOI
- 10.1177/089443930202000202 · DOI
- 10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.307 · DOI
- 10.1177/016001701761012962 · DOI
- 10.2190/LK8M-TWU3-MWGF-9T1T · DOI
- 10.1177/00027640121957240 · DOI
- 10.1177/107769900007700306 · DOI
- 10.1177/0002764201045003004 · DOI
- 10.1080/08886504.2000.10782309 · DOI
- 10.1016/S0308-5961(01)00006-4 · DOI
- Lipke, D. J. (2000). Dead end ahead? American Demographics, 22, 10-12.
- National Telecommunications and Information Administration. (2000). Falling through the Net: Toward digital inclusion. Available from http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/digitaldivide/ · DOI
- 10.1016/S0308-5961(00)00018-5 · DOI
- 10.1016/S0360-1315(97)00005-5 · DOI
- Stewart, T. A. (1999). A nation of Net have nots? No. Fortune, 1, 184-188.
- Strover S. (1999). Rural Internet connectivity. Paper presented at the Telecommunications Research and Policy Conference. Available from http://www.utexas.edu/research/tipi/
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Vaportzis, E., Giatsi Clausen, M., & Gow, A. J. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01687 · Cited by 916
“Previous studies found that males are more likely to use or own technological equipment compared with females (Wilson et al., 2003; Pinkard, 2005).”
BackgroundCampos-Castillo, C. (2015) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439314547617 · Cited by 114
Al-Muwil, A., Weerakkody, V., El-haddadeh, R., & Dwivedi, Y. (2019) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-019-09914-0 · Cited by 52
Metadata
- Authors
- Wilson, K. R., Wallin, J. S., & Reiser, C.
- Affiliations
- East Carolina University (US)
- Venue
- Social Science Computer Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-05
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 133-143
- ISSN
- 0894-4393 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8286
- OpenAlex
- W4246260720
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 13.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Social Science Computer Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › ICT Impact and Policies
- Social Sciences › General Social Sciences › Information Society and Technology Trends
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Technology in Education
- Keywords
- digital divide, social stratification, socioeconomic status, racial disparities, African Americans, rural residence, gender differences, home computer ownership, internet access, public internet access, minority groups
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Social Stratification and the Digital Divide. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0894439303021002001
- The paper
- Wilson, K. R., Wallin, J. S., & Reiser, C. (2003). Social Stratification and the Digital Divide. Social Science Computer Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439303021002001