Educational and Gender Differences in Health Behavior Changes After a Gateway Diagnosis
Open accessAbstract
Objective: Hypertension represents a gateway diagnosis to more serious health problems that occur as people age. We examine educational differences in three health behavior changes people often make after receiving this diagnosis in middle or older age, and test whether these educational differences depend on (a) the complexity of the health behavior change and (b) gender. Method: We use data from the Health and Retirement Study and conduct logistic regression analysis to examine the likelihood of modifying health behaviors post diagnosis. Results: We find educational differences in three behavior changes—antihypertensive medication use, smoking cessation, and physical activity initiation—after a hypertension diagnosis. These educational differences in health behaviors were stronger among women compared with men. Discussion: Upon receiving a hypertension diagnosis, education is a more important predictor of behavior changes for women compared with men, which may help explain gender differences in the socioeconomic gradient in health in the United States.
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Most of the female participants were housewives and thus available at home, which allows them to play a more influential role than males on behavior changes among family members.
“most of the female participants were housewives and thus available at home that allows them to play an influential role than males on behavior changes among the family members [52].”
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References 43 · Cited by 72
- Authors
- Hernandez, E. M., Margolis, R., & Hummer, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Western University (CA)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hernandez, Elaine M.
- Venue
- Journal of Aging and Health
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-12-08
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 342-364
- ISSN
- 0898-2643 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6887
- PMC
- PMC5777891
- OpenAlex
- W2560492121
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 3.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Aging and Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1 F32 HD070595-01, 5 R24 HD042849)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Keywords
- hypertension diagnosis, health behavior change, educational differences, gender differences, socioeconomic gradient in health, antihypertensive medication use, smoking cessation, physical activity initiation, middle-aged and older adults, Health and Retirement Study
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Attitude to Health, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Retirement, Sex Factors, United States, Health Behavior, Exercise, Smoking Cessation
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