High incidence of extra-genital gonorrheal and chlamydial infections among high-risk men who have sex with men and transgender women in Peru.
Abstract
Extra-genital Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections are associated with antimicrobial resistance and HIV acquisition. We analyzed data from a cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women followed quarterly for two years in Peru. Incident cases were defined as positive N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis nucleic acid tests during follow-up. Repeat positive tests were defined as reinfection among those with documented treatment. We used generalized estimating equations to calculate adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs). Of 404 participants, 22% were transgender. Incidence rates of rectal N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis infection were 28.1 and 37.3 cases per 100 person-years, respectively. Incidence rates of pharyngeal N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis infection were 21.3 and 9.6 cases per 100 person-years, respectively. Incident HIV infection was associated with incident rectal (aIRR = 2.43; 95% CI 1.66-3.55) N. gonorrhoeae infection. Identifying as transgender versus cisgender MSM was associated with incident pharyngeal N. gonorrhoeae (aIRR = 1.85; 95% CI 1.12-3.07) infection. The incidence of extra-genital N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis infections was high in our population. The association with incident HIV infection warrants evaluating the impact of rectal N. gonorrhoeae screening and treatment on HIV transmission.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
International and U.S. studies have indicated elevated incidence and prevalence of gonorrhea and chlamydia among transgender women similar to rates among cisgender MSM.
“Despite limited data, international and U.S. studies have indicated elevated incidence and prevalence of gonorrhea and chlamydia among transgender women similar to rates among cisgender MSM (346–348).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [346]
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 34 · Cited by 14
- Authors
- Allan-Blitz, L.-T., Konda, K. A., Calvo, G. M., Vargas, S. K., Leon, S. R., Segura, E. R., Caceres, C. F., & Klausner, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Division of Infectious Diseases: Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (PE)
- Laboratory of Sexual Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Sexuality, AIDS and Society, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Corresponding author
- Klausner, Jeffrey D
- Venue
- International Journal of STD & AIDS
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2017-11-29
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 568-576
- ISSN
- 0956-4624 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-1052
- OpenAlex
- W2768342939
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of STD & AIDS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (1R01AIO99727)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Keywords
- chlamydia, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, men who have sex with men, transgender women, rectal infection, pharyngeal infection, HIV acquisition, incidence, reinfection
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anal Canal, Chlamydia Infections, Chlamydia trachomatis, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Gonorrhea, Humans, Male, Microbiological Techniques, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Peru, Pharynx, Prospective Studies, Transsexualism, Cohort Studies, HIV Infections, Incidence, Prevalence, Homosexuality, Male, Young Adult, Transgender Persons
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
