Cited by 416Meta-analysis and systematic reviewsPsychology Research and BibliometricsStatistical Methods in Epidemiology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Sample-Size Planning for More Accurate Statistical Power: A Method Adjusting Sample Effect Sizes for Publication Bias and Uncertainty

Anderson, Samantha F., Kelley, Ken, Maxwell, Scott E.·2017·Psychological Science

DOI 10.1177/0956797617723724

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The sample size necessary to obtain a desired level of statistical power depends in part on the population value of the effect size, which is, by definition, unknown. A common approach to sample-size planning uses the sample effect size from a prior study as an estimate of the population value of the effect to be detected in the future study. Although this strategy is intuitively appealing, effect-size estimates, taken at face value, are typically not accurate estimates of the population effect size because of publication bias and uncertainty. We show that the use of this approach often results in underpowered studies, sometimes to an alarming degree. We present an alternative approach that adjusts sample effect sizes for bias and uncertainty, and we demonstrate its effectiveness for several experimental designs. Furthermore, we discuss an open-source R package, BUCSS, and user-friendly Web applications that we have made available to researchers so that they can easily implement our suggested methods.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0956797617723724

Cites

63 of 63 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/bf03193146 · Cited by 65,971
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.).
Lachenbruch, P. A., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290095 · Cited by 37,421
Why Most Published Research Findings Are False
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2005) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124 · Cited by 10,505
Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: A practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs
Lakens, D. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00863 · Cited by 10,303
Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science
Open Science Collaboration (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aac4716 · Cited by 8,515
Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience
Button, K. S., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Mokrysz, C., Nosek, B. A., Flint, J., Robinson, E. S. J., & Munafò, M. R. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3475 · Cited by 7,641 · cited 1×
“However, even when researchers conduct a well-intentioned power analysis to determine the sample size of a replication study, the power of the original study limits their ability to determine an accurate sample size, sometimes severely (Anderson & Maxwell, 2016, 2017; Button et al., 2013).”
Background
False-Positive Psychology: Undisclosed Flexibility in Data Collection and Analysis Allows Presenting Anything as Significant
Simmons, J. P., Nelson, L. D., & Simonsohn, U. (2011) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611417632 · Cited by 6,567
Why Most Published Research Findings Are False
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2005) · CHANCE · doi:10.1080/09332480.2005.10722754 · Cited by 4,702 · cited 1×
“Ioannidis (2005) showed that, all other things being equal, there is a higher probability that a published research claim is false in a literature with lower-powered studies.”
Background
The earth is round (p < .05).
Cohen, J. (1994) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.49.12.997 · Cited by 4,003

Show all 63 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

10.1002/per1919 · DOI
Lakens D. (in press). Equivalence tests: A practical primer for t-tests, correlations, and meta-analyses. Social Psychological & Personality Science.
10.2466/03.11.pms112.2.331-348 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Sample Size Justification
Lakens, D. (2022) · Collabra Psychology · doi:10.1525/collabra.33267 · Cited by 1,962
How Many Participants Do We Have to Include in Properly Powered Experiments? A Tutorial of Power Analysis with Reference Tables
Brysbaert, M. (2019) · Journal of Cognition · doi:10.5334/joc.72 · Cited by 996
Replicability, Robustness, and Reproducibility in Psychological Science
Nosek, B. A., Hardwicke, T. E., Moshontz, H., Allard, A., Corker, K. S., Dreber, A., Fidler, F., Hilgard, J., Kline Struhl, M., Nuijten, M. B., et al. (2022) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-114157 · Cited by 770
A Practical Primer To Power Analysis for Simple Experimental Designs
Perugini, M., Gallucci, M., & Costantini, G. (2018) · International Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.5334/irsp.181 · Cited by 482
Publication bias examined in meta-analyses from psychology and medicine: A meta-meta-analysis
van Aert, R. C. M., Wicherts, J. M., & van Assen, M. A. L. M. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215052 · Cited by 365
Power to Detect What? Considerations for Planning and Evaluating Sample Size
Giner‐Sorolla, R., Montoya, A. K., Reifman, A. S., Carpenter, T., Lewis, N. A., Aberson, C. L., Bostyn, D. H., Conrique, B. G., Ng, B., Schoemann, A. M., et al. (2024) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/10888683241228328 · Cited by 324
A tutorial on Bayes Factor Design Analysis using an informed prior
Stefan, A. M., Gronau, Q. F., Schönbrodt, F. D., & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2019) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-018-01189-8 · Cited by 284
Gamification and serious games: A literature meta-analysis and integrative model
Baptista, G., & Oliveira, T. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.030 · Cited by 301
The interpretation of statistical power after the data have been gathered
Dziak, J. J., Dierker, L., & Abar, B. W. (2018) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-018-0018-1 · Cited by 230
Estimating the Reproducibility of Experimental Philosophy
Cova, F., Strickland, B., Abatista, A., Allard, A., Andow, J., Attie, M., Beebe, J. R., Berniûnas, R., Boudesseul, J., Colombo, M., et al. (2018) · Review of Philosophy and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s13164-018-0400-9 · Cited by 204
Resting-State Functional Brain Connectivity Best Predicts the Personality Dimension of Openness to Experience
Dubois, J., Galdi, P., Han, Y., Paul, L. K., & Adolphs, R. (2018) · Personality Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/pen.2018.8 · Cited by 170
Avoid Cohen’s ‘Small’, ‘Medium’, and ‘Large’ for Power Analysis
Correll, J., Mellinger, C., McClelland, G. H., & Judd, C. M. (2020) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.12.009 · Cited by 189
Summary-statistics-based power analysis: A new and practical method to determine sample size for mixed-effects modeling.
Murayama, K., Usami, S., & Sakaki, M. (2022) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/met0000330 · Cited by 181
Generic language in scientific communication
DeJesus, J. M., Callanan, M. A., Solis, G., & Gelman, S. A. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1817706116 · Cited by 157
Beyond Experiments
Diener, E., Northcott, R., Zyphur, M. J., & West, S. G. (2022) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916211037670 · Cited by 174
A Primer for Conducting Experiments in Human–Robot Interaction
Hoffman, G., & Zhao, X. (2020) · ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction · doi:10.1145/3412374 · Cited by 150
Sample Size and Shapiro-Wilk Test: An Analysis for Soybean Grain Yield
de Souza, R. R., Toebe, M. J., Mello, A. C., & Bittencourt, K. C. (2022) · European Journal of Agronomy · doi:10.1016/j.eja.2022.126666 · Cited by 138
Replication concerns in sports and exercise science: a narrative review of selected methodological issues in the field
Mesquida, C., Murphy, J., Lakens, D., & Warne, J. P. (2022) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.220946 · Cited by 110
Systematic review of the status of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletion, approaches and methods used for its estimation and reporting in Plasmodium falciparum populations in Africa: review of published studies 2010–2019
Agaba, B. B., Yeka, A., Nsobya, S. L., Arinaitwe, E., Nankabirwa, J. I., Opigo, J., Mbaka, P., Lim, C. S., Kalyango, J. N., Karamagi, C., et al. (2019) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-019-2987-4 · Cited by 95
Power Analysis and Exploratory Research
Haile, Z. T. (2023) · Journal of Human Lactation · doi:10.1177/08903344231195625 · Cited by 91
Spontaneous Vicarious Perception of the Content of Another’s Visual Perspective
Ward, E., Ganis, G., & Bach, P. (2019) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.046 · Cited by 89
Using multilevel models for the analysis of event-related potentials
Volpert‐Esmond, H. I., Page‐Gould, E., & Bartholow, B. D. (2021) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.02.006 · Cited by 95
The profile of the skilled reader: An investigation into the role of reading enjoyment and student characteristics
Rogiers, A., Keer, H. V., & Merchie, E. (2019) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2019.101512 · Cited by 85
Counterfeit diversity: How strategically misrepresenting gender diversity dampens organizations’ perceived sincerity and elevates women’s identity threat concerns.
Kroeper, K. M., Williams, H. E., & Murphy, M. C. (2020) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000348 · Cited by 94
The impact of sample size on the reproducibility of voxel-based lesion-deficit mappings
Lorca‐Puls, D. L., Gajardo‐Vidal, A., White, J., Seghier, M. L., Leff, A. P., Green, D. W., Crinion, J., Ludersdorfer, P., Hope, T. M. H., Bowman, H., et al. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.014 · Cited by 86
Estimating Population Mean Power Under Conditions of Heterogeneity and Selection for Significance
Brunner, J., & Schimmack, U. (2020) · Meta-Psychology · doi:10.15626/mp.2018.874 · Cited by 76
Calibrate your confidence in research findings: A tutorial on improving research methods and practices
Frost, A. D. S., & Ledgerwood, A. (2020) · Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology · doi:10.1017/prp.2020.7 · Cited by 75
Non-operative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication: an updated systematic review
Ammendolia, C., Hofkirchner, C., Plener, J., Bussières, A., Schneider, M., Young, J. J., Furlan, A. D., Stuber, K. J., Ahmed, A., Cancelliere, C., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057724 · Cited by 75
Human studies of mitochondrial biology demonstrate an overall lack of binary sex differences: A multivariate meta‐analysis
Junker, A., Wang, J., Gouspillou, G., Ehinger, J. K., Elmér, E., Sjövall, F., Fisher‐Wellman, K. H., Neufer, P. D., Molina, A. J. A., Ferrucci, L., et al. (2022) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202101628r · Cited by 79
Examining investors' sentiments, behavioral biases and investment decisions during COVID-19 in the emerging stock market: a case of Pakistan stock market
Parveen, S., Satti, Z. W., Subhan, Q. A., Riaz, N., Babar, S. F., & Bashir, T. (2021) · Journal of economic and administrative sciences. · doi:10.1108/jeas-08-2020-0153 · Cited by 71
Intrusive memories and voluntary memory of a trauma film: Differential effects of a cognitive interference task after encoding.
Lau‐Zhu, A., Henson, R. N., & Holmes, E. A. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000598 · Cited by 78
A Meta-Analysis of Expressive Writing on Posttraumatic Stress, Posttraumatic Growth, and Quality of Life
Pavlacic, J. M., Buchanan, E. M., Maxwell, N. P., Hopke, T. G., & Schulenberg, S. E. (2019) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1177/1089268019831645 · Cited by 81
Statistical power analysis and sample size planning for moderated mediation models
Xu, Z., Gao, F., Fa, A., Qu, W., & Zhang, Z. J. (2024) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-024-02342-2 · Cited by 68
The prevalence and factors associated with alcohol use disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Necho, M., Belete, A., & Getachew, Y. (2020) · Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1186/s13011-020-00301-6 · Cited by 70
A Historically Based Review of Empirical Work on Color and Psychological Functioning: Content, Methods, and Recommendations for Future Research
Elliot, A. J. (2018) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000170 · Cited by 71
The Sample Size Matters: To What Extent the Participant Reduction Affects the Outcomes of a Neuroscientific Research. A Case-Study in Neuromarketing Field
Vozzi, A., Ronca, V., Aricò, P., Borghini, G., Sciaraffa, N., Cherubino, P., Trettel, A., Babiloni, F., & Flumeri, G. D. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21186088 · Cited by 70
A meta-analysis of factors affecting acceptance of information technology in auditing
afsay, A., Tahriri, A., & Rezaee, Z. (2023) · International Journal of Accounting Information Systems · doi:10.1016/j.accinf.2022.100608 · Cited by 63
Understanding the factors affecting AI services adoption in hospitality: The role of behavioral reasons and emotional intelligence
Rasheed, H. M. W., Chen, Y., Khizar, H. M. U., & Safeer, A. A. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16968 · Cited by 53
Finger pinching and imagination classification: A fusion of CNN architectures for IoMT-enabled BCI applications
Varone, G., Boulila, W., Driss, M., Kumari, S., Khan, M. K., Gadekallu, T. R., & Hussain, A. (2023) · Information Fusion · doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2023.102006 · Cited by 51
Publication bias, statistical power and reporting practices in the Journal of Sports Sciences: potential barriers to replicability
Mesquida, C., Murphy, J., Lakens, D., & Warne, J. P. (2023) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2023.2269357 · Cited by 57
Embodiment of supernumerary robotic limbs in virtual reality
Arai, K. I., Saito, H., Fukuoka, M., Ueda, S., Sugimoto, M., Kitazaki, M., & İnami, M. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-13981-w · Cited by 50
Obtaining Evidence for No Effect
Dienes, Z. P. (2021) · Collabra Psychology · doi:10.1525/collabra.28202 · Cited by 54
Playing a video game is more than mere procrastination
Nordby, K., Løkken, R. A., & Pfuhl, G. (2019) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-019-0309-9 · Cited by 57
Suicidal ideation, attempt, and its associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis study
Necho, M., Tsehay, M., & Zenebe, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-021-00437-3 · Cited by 50
Effect Declines Are Systematic, Strong, and Ubiquitous: A Meta-Meta-Analysis of the Decline Effect in Intelligence Research
Pietschnig, J., Siegel, M., Eder, J. S. N., & Gittler, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02874 · Cited by 52
Estimating the Replicability of Sports and Exercise Science Research
Murphy, J., Caldwell, A. R., Mesquida, C., Ladell, A. J. M., Martínez, A. E., Tual, A., Denys, A. T., Cameron, B., Hooren, B. V., Parr, B., et al. (2025) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-025-02201-w · Cited by 51
Big Five Personality Traits and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Religiosity
Szczęśniak, M., Sopińska, B., & Kroplewski, Z. (2019) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel10070437 · Cited by 50
Sample-size determination for the Bayesian t test and Welch’s test using the approximate adjusted fractional Bayes factor
Fu, Q., Hoijtink, H., & Moerbeek, M. (2021) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-020-01408-1 · Cited by 47
From Outcome to Process Focus: Fostering a More Robust Psychological Science Through Registered Reports and Results-Blind Reviewing
Grand, J. A., Rogelberg, S. G., Banks, G. C., Landis, R. S., & Tonidandel, S. (2018) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691618767883 · Cited by 45
Effect Sizes, Power, and Biases in Intelligence Research: A Meta-Meta-Analysis
Nuijten, M. B., van Assen, M. A. L. M., Augusteijn, H. E. M., Crompvoets, E. A. V., & Wicherts, J. M. (2020) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence8040036 · Cited by 42
A spotlight on cross-sectional research: Addressing the issues of confounding and adjustment
Asiamah, N., Mends-Brew, E., & Boison, B. T. K. (2019) · International Journal of Healthcare Management · doi:10.1080/20479700.2019.1621022 · Cited by 47
Misinterpreting p: The discrepancy between p values and the probability the null hypothesis is true, the influence of multiple testing, and implications for the replication crisis.
Anderson, S. F. (2019) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/met0000248 · Cited by 44
Self-citation
Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) current direction and pulse waveform on cortico‐cortical connectivity: A registered report TMS‐EEG study
Guidali, G., Zazio, A., Lucarelli, D., Marcantoni, E., Stango, A., Barchiesi, G., & Bortoletto, M. (2023) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.16127 · Cited by 42
Online Advertising Suppresses Visual Competition during Planned Purchases
van der Lans, R., Pieters, R. G. M., & Wedel, M. (2021) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucab017 · Cited by 44
Sample Size Planning for Detecting Mediation Effects: A Power Analysis Procedure Considering Uncertainty in Effect Size Estimates
Liu, X., & Wang, L. (2019) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1080/00273171.2019.1593814 · Cited by 43
Estimating the Reproducibility of Experimental PhilosophyPreprint
Cova, F., Strickland, B., Abatista, A., Allard, A., Andow, J., Attie, M., Beebe, J. R., Berniûnas, R., Boudesseul, J., Colombo, M., et al. (2018) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/sxdah · Cited by 37
Basic statistical considerations for physiology: The journal Temperature toolbox
Caldwell, A. R., & Cheuvront, S. N. (2019) · Temperature · doi:10.1080/23328940.2019.1624131 · Cited by 37
A strengths-based, culturally responsive family intervention improves Latino kindergarteners’ vocabulary and approaches to learning
Leyva, D., Weiland, C., Shapiro, A., Yeomans‐Maldonado, G., & Febles, A. (2021) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13698 · Cited by 36
When masters of abstraction run into a concrete wall: Experts failing arithmetic word problems
Gros, H., Sander, E., & Thibaut, J. (2019) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-019-01628-3 · Cited by 37
Best (but oft forgotten) practices: sample size planning for powerful studies
Anderson, S. F. (2019) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqz058 · Cited by 34
Self-citation
Recommendations in pre-registrations and internal review board proposals promote formal power analyses but do not increase sample size
Bakker, M., Veldkamp, C. L. S., van den Akker, O. R., van Assen, M. A. L. M., Crompvoets, E. A. V., Ong, H. H., & Wicherts, J. M. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0236079 · Cited by 39
Open Minded: Searching for Truth about the Unconscious Mind
Newell, B. R., & Shanks, D. R. (2023) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/14922.001.0001 · Cited by 17
Does Temporal Distance Influence Abstraction? A Large Pre-Registered Experiment
Sánchez, A. M., Coleman, C., & Ledgerwood, A. (2021) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2021.39.3.352 · Cited by 33
Power of averaging: Noise reduction by ensemble coding of multiple faces.
Sun, J., & Chong, S. C. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000667 · Cited by 31
Lexical Acquisition Through Category Matching: 12-Month-Old Infants Associate Words to Visual Categories
Pomiechowska, B., & Gliga, T. (2018) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797618817506 · Cited by 30
Attitudes Towards Seeking Psychological Help: An Integrative Model Based on Contact, Essentialist Beliefs About Mental Illness, and Stigma
Hantzi, A., Anagnostopoulos, F., & Alexiou, E. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-018-9573-8 · Cited by 30
Effect size: a statistical basis for clinical practice
Valladares‐Neto, J. (2018) · Revista Odonto Ciência · doi:10.15448/1980-6523.2018.1.29437 · Cited by 29
Zur Methodologie von Replikationsstudien
Erdfelder, E., & Ulrich, R. (2018) · Psychologische Rundschau · doi:10.1026/0033-3042/a000387 · Cited by 33
Examining the impact of social media de-influencing on audiences
Elhajjar, S., & Itani, O. S. (2025) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-04-2024-0574 · Cited by 28
Eye movements reveal the contributions of early and late processes of enhancement and suppression to the guidance of visual search
Hamblin-Frohman, Z., Chang, S., Egeth, H. E., & Becker, S. I. (2022) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-022-02536-w · Cited by 28
Psychological Wellbeing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: the influence of personality traits in the Italian population
Rossi, C., Bonanomi, A., & Oasi, O. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18115862 · Cited by 27
Statistical power in clinical trials of interventions for mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders
de Vries, Y. A., Schoevers, R. A., Higgins, J. P. T., Munafo, M. R., & Bastiaansen, J. A. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722001362 · Cited by 28
Adaptation to mean and variance: Interrelationships between mean and variance representations in orientation perception
Jeong, J., & Chong, S. C. (2020) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2020.01.002 · Cited by 27
Preregistration in infant research—A primer
Havron, N., Bergmann, C., & Tsuji, S. (2020) · Infancy · doi:10.1111/infa.12353 · Cited by 28
Assessing the Evidential Value of Mental Fatigue and Exercise Research
Holgado, D., Mesquida, C., & Román-Caballero, R. (2023) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01926-w · Cited by 31
Visual motion prediction and verbal false memory performance in autistic children
Tewolde, F. G., Bishop, D. V. M., & Manning, C. (2018) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1915 · Cited by 25
Power and sample size analysis for longitudinal mixed models of health in populations exposed to environmental contaminants: a tutorial
Harrall, K. K., Muller, K. E., Starling, A. P., Dabelea, D., Barton, K. E., Adgate, J. L., & Glueck, D. H. (2023) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-022-01819-y · Cited by 27
How state and trait versions of self-esteem and depressive symptoms affect their interplay: A longitudinal experimental investigation.
Braun, L., Göllner, R., Rieger, S., Trautwein, U., & Spengler, M. (2020) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000295 · Cited by 27
The influence of agents’ negligence in shaping younger and older adults’ moral judgment
Margoni, F., Geipel, J., Hadjichristidis, C., & Surian, L. (2019) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2018.12.002 · Cited by 25
Meaningful change definitions: sample size planning for experimental intervention research
Gruijters, S. L. K., & Peters, G.-J. (2020) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2020.1841762 · Cited by 24
Physical correlates of human-like softness elicit high tactile pleasantness
Kitada, R., Ng, M., Tan, Z. Y., Lee, X. E., & Kochiyama, T. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96044-w · Cited by 24
Religious/Spiritual Struggles and Life Satisfaction among Young Roman Catholics: The Mediating Role of Gratitude
Szczęśniak, M., Bielecka, G., Bajkowska, I., Czaprowska, A., & Madej, D. (2019) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel10060395 · Cited by 27
What is top-down about seeing enemies? Social anxiety and attention to threat
Delchau, H. L., Christensen, B. K., O’Kearney, R., & Goodhew, S. C. (2019) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-019-01920-3 · Cited by 24
Emotion, Sophistication and Political Behavior: Evidence From a Laboratory Experiment
Lamprianou, I., & Ellinas, A. A. (2018) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12536 · Cited by 27
Nurturing the reading brain: home literacy practices are associated with children’s neural response to printed words through vocabulary skills
Girard, C., Bastelica, T., Léone, J., Epinat‐Duclos, J., Longo, L., & Prado, J. (2021) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-021-00112-9 · Cited by 23
Support from a TMS/MEP study for a direct link between positive/negative stimuli and approach/avoidance tendencies
Fini, C., Fischer, M., Bardi, L., Braß, M., & Moors, A. (2020) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107496 · Cited by 23
Seven steps toward transparency and replicability in psychological science.
Lindsay, D. S. (2020) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/cap0000222 · Cited by 23
The Role of Cultural Values in National-Level Innovation: Evidence from 106 Countries
Bonetto, É., Pichot, N., & Adam‐Troian, J. (2022) · Cross-Cultural Research · doi:10.1177/10693971221078087 · Cited by 22
Peer-Review Guidelines Promoting Replicability and Transparency in Psychological Science
Davis, W. E., Giner‐Sorolla, R., Lindsay, D. S., Lougheed, J. P., Makel, M. C., Meier, M. E., Sun, J., Vaughn, L. A., & Zelenski, J. M. (2018) · Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2515245918806489 · Cited by 24
Affordance matching predictively shapes the perceptual representation of others’ ongoing actions.
McDonough, K. L., Costantini, M., Hudson, M., Ward, E., & Bach, P. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/xhp0000745 · Cited by 25
Have I Got the Power? Analysing and Reporting Statistical Power in HRI
Bartlett, M. E., Edmunds, C. E. R., Belpaeme, T., & Thill, S. (2022) · ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction · doi:10.1145/3495246 · Cited by 21
Replication is fundamental, but is it common? A call for scientific self-reflection and contemporary research practices in gambling-related research
LaPlante, D. A. (2019) · International Gambling Studies · doi:10.1080/14459795.2019.1672768 · Cited by 21
Analytical Strategies and Tactics in Salivary Bioscience
Riis, J. L., Chen, F. R., Dent, A. L., Laurent, H. K., & Bryce, C. I. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35784-9_4 · Cited by 21
Open Science Practices in Gambling Research Publications (2016–2019): A Scoping Review
Louderback, E. R., Gainsbury, S., Heirene, R. M., Amichia, K., Grossman, A., Bernhard, B. J., & LaPlante, D. A. (2022) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-022-10120-y · Cited by 22
Optimizing practice scheduling requires quantitative tracking of individual item performance
Eglington, L. G., & Pavlik, P. I. (2020) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-020-00074-4 · Cited by 20
Mechanisms underlying memory enhancement for disgust over fear
Moeck, E. K., Matson, L. A., & Takarangi, M. K. T. (2021) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2021.1936460 · Cited by 20
“Emoji, I can feel your pain” – Neural responses to facial and emoji expressions of pain
Liao, W., Zhang, Y., Huang, X., Xu, X., & Peng, X. (2021) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108134 · Cited by 20
The Collaborative Roots of Corruption? A Replication of Weisel & Shalvi (2015)
Wouda, J., Bijlstra, G., Frankenhuis, W. E., & Wigboldus, D. H. J. (2017) · Collabra Psychology · doi:10.1525/collabra.97 · Cited by 24
Impact of basic psychological support on stigma and mental well-being of people with disabilities due to leprosy and lymphatic filariasis: a proof-of-concept study
Agarwal, A., Nayak, P., van Brakel, W. H., van Wijk, R., Jain, A., Broekkamp, H., Mol, M. M., & Mishra, C. P. (2023) · International Health · doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihad096 · Cited by 19
Effect Size Estimation Fromt-Statistics in the Presence of Publication Bias
Ulrich, R., Miller, J. O., & Erdfelder, E. (2018) · Zeitschrift für Psychologie · doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000319 · Cited by 20

Authors: Anderson, S. F., Kelley, K., & Maxwell, S. E.
Affiliations: University of Notre Dame (US)
Corresponding author: Anderson, Samantha F.
ORCID: Anderson, Samantha F.
Kelley, Ken
Maxwell, Scott E.
Venue: Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2017-09-13
Volume: 28
Issue: 11
Pages: 1547-1562
ISSN: 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
1467-9280
DOI: 10.1177/0956797617723724
OpenAlex: W2756450828
Cited by: 406
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 3
FWCI: 31.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Keywords: sample size determination, statistical power, effect size estimation, publication bias, underpowered studies
MeSH terms: Data Interpretation, Statistical, Humans, Publication Bias, Sample Size, Uncertainty

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Sample-Size Planning for More Accurate Statistical Power: A Method Adjusting Sample Effect Sizes for Publication Bias and Uncertainty

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks