The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
All in the Family: Comparing Siblings to Test Causal Hypotheses Regarding Environmental Influences on Behavior
Open accessAbstract
Psychologists in both basic and applied fields are keenly interested in the environmental influences that shape our lives. Therefore, researchers test causal hypotheses to construct models of environmental influences that can withstand attempts at refutation. Randomized experiments provide the strongest tests of causal hypotheses, but are not always feasible and their assumptions cannot always be met. In such cases, a number of quasi-experimental research designs can be used to substantially reduce confounding in tests of causal hypotheses. Sibling-comparison designs provide robust quasi-experimental tests of causal environmental hypotheses, but they are underused in psychology in spite of their power, feasibility, and convenience.
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“These adjustments are essential since the strength of the sibling analyses is based on constant environmental factors and genetic background [46], [47].”
From The effect of swedish snuff (snus) on offspring birthweight: a sibling analysis (2013) · cites this paper as [47]
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(2002) · Cited by 13,211
Genotype-environment interaction and correlation in the analysis of human behavior.
Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C., & Loehlin, J. C. (1977) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.84.2.309 · Cited by 1,685
Proceeding From Observed Correlation to Causal Inference: The Use of Natural Experiments
Rutter, M. L. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00050.x · Cited by 409
Interrupted Time Series Analysis
McDowall, D., McCleary, R., Meidinger, E. E., & Hay, R. A. (1980) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412984607 · Cited by 396
Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Bruinsma, G., & Weisburd, D. L. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_100362 · Cited by 391
Matched Sampling for Causal Effects: Contributor Acknowledgments
Rubin, D. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511810725 · Cited by 287
D'Onofrio, B. M., Hulle, C. A. V., Waldman, I. D., Rodgers, J. L., Harden, K. P., Rathouz, P. J., & Lahey, B. B. (2008) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579408000072 · Cited by 267
Self-citationMaternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Child Outcomes: Real or Spurious Effect?
Knopik, V. S. (2009) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565640802564366 · Cited by 261
Resolving the debate over birth order, family size, and intelligence.
Rodgers, J. L., Cleveland, H. H., van den Oord, E. J. C. G., & Rowe, D. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.6.599 · Cited by 255
Gene–environment interdependence
Rutter, M. L. (2006) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00557.x · Cited by 247
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Items 201–206 of 206
Sadek, L., Tsaligopoulou, A., Spano, M. A., & Dykxhoorn, J. L. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8779555/v1
Strengthening Causal Inference Using Sibling Designs
Schlomer, G. L., Robertson, O. C., & Marceau, K. P. (2026) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119880851.ch3
The protective effect of pregnancy on risk for suicide attempt in a Swedish national cohort
Stephenson, M. E., Lannoy, S., Ohlsson, H., Sundquist, J., Crump, C., Sundquist, K., & Edwards, A. C. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-49192-w
Sibling Models Can Test Causal Claims without Experiments: Applications for PsychologyPreprint
Rodgers, J. L., Garrison, S. M., McKinzie, L., & Trattner, J. D. (2025) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
Dobson, R. T., Edwards, T., Giannelis, A., Miller, G. F., March, M. J., Willoughby, E. A., Krueger, R. F., Roisman, G. I., & McGue, M. K. (2026) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2026.05.007
Grover, A., Reis‐Pardal, J., Ellis, R. J., Ioannidis, J. P. A., & Patel, C. J. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.08.28.26361666
Metadata
- Authors
- Lahey, B. B., & D’Onofrio, B. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Indiana University
- Corresponding author
- Lahey, Benjamin B.
- ORCID
- Lahey, Benjamin B.
- Venue
- Current Directions in Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 319-323
- ISSN
- 0963-7214 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8721
- PMC
- PMC3643791
- OpenAlex
- W2155556896
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 10.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Directions in Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD061384)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Keywords
- environmental influences on behavior, causal inference, quasi-experimental design, confounding, randomized experiments, behavioral genetics, heritability
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