Equine Colitis X Associated with Infection by Clostridium Difficile NAP1/027
Abstract
A 14-year-old Quarter Horse with a 48-hr history of colic was euthanized after failure to respond to treatment. At necropsy, cecal and colonic mucosae were congested throughout, and there was segmental edema and significant thickening of the intestinal wall. Excessive numbers of mononuclear cells were found in mucosal lamina propria. Submucosal hemorrhage was diffuse and extensive, and Clostridium difficile toxins A and B were detected. Large numbers of C. difficile were isolated, and genetic characterization revealed them to be North American pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1, polymerase chain reaction ribotype 027, and toxinotype III. Genes for the binary toxin were present, and toxin negative-regulator tcdC contained an 18-bp deletion. This genotype comprises the current human "epidemic strain," which is associated with human C. difficile-associated disease of greater than historical severity. The diagnosis was peracute typhlocolitis, with lesions and history typical of those attributed to colitis X.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The clinical presentation, gross and microscopic findings, and the evident positive immunohistochemistry tests for C. difficile toxin A in 13 manatees (if not cross reacting) is reminiscent of C. difficile-associated disease in horses and pigs, possibly implicating C. difficile in the pathogenesis of the clostridial infections of manatees.
“the clinical presentation, gross and microscopic findings, and the evident positive IHC tests for C. difficile toxin A in 13 manatees (if not cross reacting) is reminiscent of C. difficileassociated disease (CDAD) in horses and pigs (Songer, 2004;Songer and Uzal, 2005;Songer et al., 2009), possibly implicating C. difficile in the pathogenesis of the clostridial infections of manatees.”
From Novel Lethal Clostridial Infection in Florida Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris): Cause of the 2013 Unusual Mortality Event in the Indian River Lagoon (2022) · cites this paper as Songer et al., 2009
Although C. perfringens type A was detected in 11 cases in the present study, no obvious gross or microscopic lesions with gas bubbles were seen, and the blebbing seen in the cecum of three manatees and colon of 11 manatees, reflecting edema-associated blistering and mucosal lifting similar to C. difficile-associated disease, was striking.
“Although C. perfringens type A was detected in 11 cases in the present study, no obvious gross or microscopic lesions with gas bubbles were seen, and the blebbing seen in the cecum of three manatees and colon of 11 manatees, reflecting edema-associated blistering and mucosal lifting similar to CDAD associated with Clostridioides difficile (Songer et al., 2009), was striking.”
From Novel Lethal Clostridial Infection in Florida Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris): Cause of the 2013 Unusual Mortality Event in the Indian River Lagoon (2022) · cites this paper as Songer et al., 2009
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Landsberg, J. H., Tabuchi, M., Rotstein, D. S., Subramaniam, K., Rodrigues, T. C. S., Waltzek, T. B., Stacy, N. I., Wilson, P. W., Kiryu, Y., Uzal, F. A., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.841857 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“…for C. difficile toxin A in 13 manatees (if not cross reacting) is reminiscent of C. difficile– associated disease (CDAD) in horses and pigs (Songer, 2004; Songer and Uzal, 2005; Songer et al., 2009), possibly implicating C. difficile in the pathogenesis of the clostridial infections of manatees.”
BackgroundResult
- Authors
- Songer, J. G., Trinh, H. T., Dial, S. M., Brazier, J. S., & Glock, R. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Service, Cardiff, Wales, UK
- Venue
- Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 377-380
- ISSN
- 1040-6387 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-4936
- OpenAlex
- W2011601131
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Equine › Veterinary Equine Medical Research
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
- Keywords
- Clostridium difficile, binary toxin, ribotype 027, colic, typhlocolitis, Quarter Horse, intestinal mucosal injury, Clostridium difficile-associated disease
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Clostridium Infections, Colitis, Enteritis, Horse Diseases, Horses, Clostridioides difficile
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
