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How the Child’s Gender Matters for Families Having a Child With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Open accessAbstract
Children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are exposed to high levels of testosterone in utero often resulting in nontypical genitalia at birth for girls. The purpose of this analysis, which draws on data from a larger study, was to examine, based on the gender of the child, the family experiences of having a child with CAH. Sixteen parents were interviewed, and comparisons were made across all categories coded in the parents’ interviews to examine similarities and differences in the experiences of families based on the child’s gender. Families having a daughter with CAH experienced additional challenges when compared with families having a son. These include fear of stigmatization, challenging surgical decisions, and concerns regarding disclosure of the condition. Acknowledging this and creating support programs tailored for girls that address surgical procedures and complications resulting from being born with elevated testosterone are critical to promoting a healthy family and child response.
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“The mental health of patients with CAH is another example; although most studies focus on females, increased psychiatric symptomatology in both sexes mirrors observations for a wide range of chronic medical conditions (547,594-597).”
From Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia—Current Insights in Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Management (2022) · cites this paper as [547]
In the citing paper
“Compared to controls, patients with classic CAH have higher prevalence of anxiety, depression, alcohol misuse, suicidality and adjustment disorders (394,547,597)(also see section V.F).”
From Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia—Current Insights in Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Management (2022) · cites this paper as [547]
In the citing paper
“Males diagnosed beyond the neonatal period and women with the most severe null genotype are especially at risk for mental health issues (547,594,597).”
From Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia—Current Insights in Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Management (2022) · cites this paper as [547]
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Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia—Current Insights in Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Management
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fleming, L., Knafl, K., & Van Riper, M.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Nursing, USA
- Corresponding author
- Fleming, Louise
- Venue
- Journal of Family Nursing
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2017-10-19
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 516-533
- ISSN
- 1074-8407 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-549X
- OpenAlex
- W2765654065
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Family Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institute of Nursing Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Keywords
- congenital adrenal hyperplasia, child gender, family experiences, parental experiences, prenatal testosterone exposure, stigmatization, surgical decision-making, family support
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Family, Female, Genitalia, Female, Genitalia, Male, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Caregivers, Social Stigma
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