Long Journeys Toward Freedom: The Relationship Between Coercive Control and Space for Action—Measurement and Emerging Evidence
Abstract
We report on the development of, and findings from, two scales measuring coercive control and space for action over a period of 3 years in a sample of 100 women who had accessed domestic violence services. We present statistical evidence to show a significant correlation between coercive control and space for action. However, dealing with violence is not a linear process, and support needs to extend beyond being enabled to separate. The scales advance measurement of women's experience of coercive control and, through the space for action scale, document their ability to restore agency and freedom in contexts of relative safety.
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In Sharp-Jeffs et al.'s longitudinal study, nearly 90% of women interviewed in the third wave (N = 72) reported different forms of post-separation abuse, including their abuser's manipulation of social institutions, for example, by bad-mouthing her to social services.
“Sharp-Jeffs et al. (2018) conducted a longitudinal study, in which nearly 90% of the women interviewed in the third wave (N = 72) reported different forms of post-separation abuse, including their abuser's manipulation of social institutions, for example, by bad-mouthing her to social services.”
From “He Tells People That I Am Going to Kill My Children”: Post-Separation Coercive Control in Men Who Perpetrate IPV (2024) · cites this paper as Sharp-Jeffs et al., 2018
Coercive control intersects with other dominant systems of power, with perpetrators known to incite aspects of women's social identities and history to oppress and exert power, including disability, citizenship, mental health and/or religious beliefs.
“Further, coercive control intersects with other dominant systems of power, with perpetrators known to incite aspects of women's social identities and history to oppress and exert power, including disability, citizenship, mental health and/or religious beliefs (Sharp-Jeffs et al., 2018).”
From COVID-19 lockdowns, intimate partner violence and coercive control. (2021) · cites this paper as Sharp-Jeffs et al., 2018
There are considerable challenges in developing reliable and valid scales to measure coercive control, given that it is conceptually very broad and experientially highly diverse.
“There are also considerable challenges in developing reliable and valid scales to measure coercive control, given that it is conceptually very broad and experientially highly diverse (Wangmann, 2011;Sharp-Jeffs et al., 2018).”
From COVID-19 lockdowns, intimate partner violence and coercive control. (2021) · cites this paper as Sharp-Jeffs et al., 2018
Offences reflect the dominant incident-based discourse around violence that centres on specific acts intended to injure or otherwise cause harm.
“Rather, offences reflect the dominant incident-based discourse around violence that centres on specific acts intended to injure or otherwise cause harm (Sharp-Jeffs et al., 2018;Stark, 2006).”
From COVID-19 lockdowns, intimate partner violence and coercive control. (2021) · cites this paper as Sharp-Jeffs et al., 2018
Cites
Coercive Control: The Entrapment Of Women In Personal Life
Stark, E. (2007) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195154276.001.0001 · Cited by 1,502 · see citing works
Women, Violence and Social Change
Dobash, R. E., & Dobash, R. P. (2003) · doi:10.4324/9780203450734 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Coercion in Intimate Partner Violence: Toward a New Conceptualization
Dutton, M. A., & Goodman, L. A. (2005) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-005-4196-6 · Cited by 514 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Based on clinical experience and feedback from domestic violence experts, Dutton and Goodman (2005) suggested nine “domains of coercion,” in which the abusive partner threatens negative consequences for noncompliance with his demands.”
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Coercive Control: Update and Review
Stark, E., & Hester, M. (2019) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801218816191 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
COVID-19 lockdowns, intimate partner violence and coercive control.
Smyth, C., Cullen, P., Breckenridge, J., Cortis, N., & valentine, K. (2021) · Australian Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1002/ajs4.162 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Adams, A. E., Littwin, A. K., & Javorka, M. (2020) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801219841445 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Tutty, L. M., Lorraine Radtke, H., & Nixon, K. L. (2024) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/10778012231166408 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ellis, D., Lewis, T., & Nepon, T. (2021) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801220921939 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sharp-Jeffs, N., Kelly, L., & Klein, R.
- Affiliations
- London Metropolitan University (GB)
- University of Maine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sharp-Jeffs, Nicola
- Venue
- Violence Against Women
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2017-02-02
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 163-185
- ISSN
- 1077-8012 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8448
- OpenAlex
- W2585105999
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 3.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Violence Against Women (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- London Met Repository (London Metropolitan University) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Big Lottery Fund (RGT/1/010332803)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Demography › Elder Abuse and Neglect
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
- Keywords
- coercive control, domestic violence, women's agency, scale development, domestic violence services, separation from abusive partner, women's freedom
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Coercion, Economics, Female, Housing, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Domestic Violence, Self Efficacy
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