The DOI matches its Crossref record; the references it cites are not checked yet.
Bad Dates or Emotional Trauma?: The Aftermath of Campus Sexual Assault
Abstract
Backlash critics of campus rape research have claimed that researchers exaggerate their figures by labeling as rape victims those women who experience bad dates. Although researchers have compared stranger with acquaintance rape victims, they have not compared women raped while too drunk to resist and those raped by force. This study of 65 rape victims (in a sample of 388 college seniors) found no evidence for critics' claims. Women raped by intoxication are not less emotionally affected and do not blame themselves more. Most women did not classify their experiences as rape, although all were victims under criminal law. This lack of recognition is what causes hidden victims, who do not report or seek help.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Across the themes there was an undercurrent of victim blaming, conceptualized as victims being seen as somewhat responsible for their victimization (116).”
From A thematic analysis of adolescents’ perceptions of cyberbullying and cyberaggression: definitional distinctions and educational gaps (2026) · cites this paper as [116]
Citations
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 37 · Cited by 100
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Estrich, S., Real rape: How the legal system victimizes women who say no
- Gilbert, N., 1991, The Public Interest, 103, 54
- Gilbert, N., 1994, American Enterprise, 5, 68
- Gilbert, N., Crime and justice: A review of research, 101
- Malone, K. R., 1995, Psychoanalytic Review, 82, 699
- Paglia, C., New essays: Vamps and tramps
- Pitts, V. L., Researching sexual violence against women: Methodological and personal perspectives, 65
- Roiphe, K., The morning after
- Warshaw, R., I never called it rape
Metadata
- Authors
- SCHWARTZ, M. D., & LEGGETT, M. S.
- Affiliations
- Ohio University (US)
- Venue
- Violence Against Women
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1999-03
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 251-271
- ISSN
- 1077-8012 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8448
- OpenAlex
- W2107390272
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 8.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Violence Against Women (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Security, and Conflict
- Keywords
- acquaintance rape, stranger rape, poisoning, sexual assault, psychological trauma, self-blame, victim classification, hidden victims, underreporting, female university students
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Bad Dates or Emotional Trauma?: The Aftermath of Campus Sexual Assault. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/10778019922181211
- The paper
- SCHWARTZ, M. D., & LEGGETT, M. S. (1999). Bad Dates or Emotional Trauma?: The Aftermath of Campus Sexual Assault. Violence Against Women. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778019922181211
