CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 12Urinary Tract Infections ManagementAntibiotic Use and ResistanceAntibiotic Resistance in Bacteria

Reported Cases of Urinary Tract Infections and the Susceptibility of Uropathogens from Hospitals in Northern Ghana

Open access
Karikari, Akosua B, Saba, Courage KS, Yamik, David Y·2022·Microbiology Insights
DOI 10.1177/11786361221106109PMC PMC9234931
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

As global studies report varying trends in antibiotic susceptibility of uropathogens, it is necessary to have current and constant information on the prevalence of urinary tract infections, the causative pathogens, and their susceptibility profiles, for effective management in specific geographical settings. This prospective cross-sectional study focused on the prevalence of urinary tract infections, etiological agents, and their antibiogram in a secondary and tertiary care hospital in Northern Ghana. Urine samples collected from 219 patients of all age groups were cultured on cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar. Pathogens were identified following standard microbiological methods, and their susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Approximately 34% of the patients had significant bacteria, but the prevalence was slightly higher ( P = .763) in the Tertiary care hospital (37.3%) than in the Secondary hospital (30.3%). Patients who were 60 years and above (27.0%) were commonly found with UTIs followed by the year group 20 to 29 years (20.3%). Although all the diagnoses had a positive relationship with urinary tract infection except Pyelonephritis, none of the underlying conditions was a significant ( P > .05) predictor of urinary tract infection, with the odds ratio indicating that patients with hyperparathyroidism and dysuria had 2.606 times more likely increased risk or predictor of urinary tract infection. Ten different pathogens were identified, but Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were frequently encountered. Gram-negative isolates generally showed more resistance. High resistance against ampicillin (100%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (88.5%), chloramphenicol (84.6%), augmentin (69.2%), ceftriaxone (69.2%), and ciprofloxacin (61.5%) were recorded. Amikacin was relatively effective against isolated pathogens. The high records of resistance among uropathogens and the occurrence of multidrug resistance (92%) reiterate the urgent call for rigorous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among infectious pathogens in Ghana.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/11786361221106109

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In six human studies, E. coli exhibited MDR, with prevalence ranging from 41.5% to 99.6%.

    “In six “human studies”, E. coli exhibited MDR, with the prevalence ranging from 41.5% to 99.6% [18,23,27,34,36,41].”

    From A Systematic Review on Antimicrobial Resistance in Ghana from a One Health Perspective (2024) · cites this paper as [36]

    The Results section (Table 5) reports multidrug resistance in E. coli isolates from patients at two hospitals, supporting the claim that E. coli exhibited MDR in a human study. It reports 100% MDR at both hospitals, however, not a value within the cited 41.5%–99.6% range; this paper does not report findings from six human studies. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 30

  1. [1]Gales AC Jones RN Gordon KA, et al. Activity and spectrum of 22 antimicrobial agents tested against urinary tract infection pathogens in hospitalized patients in Latin America: report from the second year of the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program (1998). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2000; 45: 295- 303. 10702547
  2. [2]Orenstein R Wong ES. Urinary tract infections in adults. Am Fam Physician. 1999; 59:1225-NaN 34, 1237. 10088877
  3. [3]Uehling DT Hopkins WJ Balish E Xing Y Heisey DM. Vaginal mucosal immunization for recurrent urinary tract infection: phase II clinical trial. Urol J. 1997; 157: 2049- 2052. 9146577
  4. [4]Kolawole AS Kolawole Om, et al. Prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTI) among patients attending Dalhatu Araf specialist hospital, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Int J Med Med Sci. 2010; 1: 163- 167.
  5. [5]Totsika M Moriel DG Idris A, et al. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli mediated urinary tract infection. Curr Drug Targets. 2012; 13: 1386- 1399. 22664092
  6. [6]Nicolle LE. Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis. Urol Clin North Am. 2008; 35: 1- 12. 18061019
  7. [7]Amdekar S Singh V Singh DD. Probiotic therapy: immunomodulating approach toward urinary tract infection. Curr Microbiol. 2011; 63: 484- 490. 21901556
  8. [8]Lane DR Takhar SS. Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2011; 29: 539- 552. 21782073
  9. [9]Fagan M Lindbæk M Grude N, et al. Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria causing urinary tract infections in the elderly living in nursing homes versus the elderly living at home: an observational study. BMC Geriatr. 2015; 15: 98. 26238248 PMC4523906
  10. [10]Brown BJ Asinobi AO Fatunde OJ Osinusi K Fasina NA. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of organisms causing urinary tract infection in children with sickle cell anaemia in Ibadan, Nigeria. West Afr J Med. 2003; 22: 110- 113. 14529216
  11. [11]Gyansa-Lutterodt M Afriyie D Asare G Amponsah S Abutiate H Darko D. Antimicrobial use and susceptibility pattern of uropathogens associated with urinary tract infections at the Ghana Police Hospital. Glob J Pharmacol. 2014; 8: 306- 315.
  12. [12]Opintan JA Newman MJ Arhin RE Donkor ES Gyansa-Lutterodt M Mills-Pappoe W. Laboratory-based nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Ghana. Infect Drug Resist. 2015; 8: 379- 389. 26604806 PMC4655947
  13. [13]Agyepong N Govinden U Owusu-Ofori A Essack SY. Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in a teaching hospital in Ghana. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018; 7: 37. 29541448 PMC5845144
  14. [14]Donkor ES Horlortu PZ Dayie NT Obeng-Nkrumah N Labi A-K. Community acquired urinary tract infections among adults in Accra, Ghana. Infect Drug Resist. 2019; 12: 2059- 2067. 31372013 PMC6628945
  15. [15]Mwaka AD Mayanja-Kizza H Kigonya E Kaddu-Mulindwa D. Bacteriuria among adult non-pregnant women attending Mulago hospital assessment center in Uganda. Afr Health Sci. 2011; 11: 182- 189. 21857848 PMC3158526
  16. [17]Odoki M Almustapha Aliero A Tibyangye J, et al. Prevalence of bacterial urinary tract infections and associated factors among patients attending hospitals in Bushenyi District, Uganda. Int J Microbiol. 2019; 2019: 4246780. 30906323 PMC6397969
  17. [18]Seifu WD Gebissa AD. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of uropathogens from cases of urinary tract infections (UTI) in Shashemene referral hospital, Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2018; 18: 30. 29320984 PMC5763535
  18. [19]Johnson JR Tiu FS Stamm WE. Direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing for acute urinary tract infections in women. J Clin Microbiol. 1995; 33: 2316- 2323. 7494020 PMC228402
  19. [20]Scholes D Hooton TM Roberts PL Stapleton AE Gupta K Stamm WE. Risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infection in young women. J Infect Dis. 2000; 182: 1177- 1182. 10979915
  20. [21]Randrianirina F Soares JL Carod JF, et al. Antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens that cause community-acquired urinary tract infections in Antananarivo, Madagascar. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007; 59: 309- 312. 17138569
  21. [22]Abubakar EM. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pathogenic bacteria causing urinary tract infection in a specialist hospital in Yola Adamawa state. J Clin Med Res. 2009; 1: 001- 008.
  22. [23]Obiogbolu CH Okonko IO Anyamere CO, et al. Incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) among pregnant women in Akwa metropolis, Southeastern Nigeria. Sci Res Essays. 2009; 4: 820- 824.
  23. [24]Nicolle LE Bradley S Colgan R Rice JC Schaeffer A Hooton TM. Infectious diseases society of America: Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2005; 40: 643- 654. 15714408
  24. [25]Moyo SJ Aboud S Kasubi M Lyamuya EF Maselle SY. Antimicrobial resistance among producers and non-producers of extended spectrum beta-lactamases in urinary isolates at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania. BMC Res Notes. 2010; 3: 348. 21184671 PMC3017072
  25. [26]Adjei O Opoku C. Urinary tract infections in African infants. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2004; 24: S32- S34. 15364303
  26. [27]Jha N Bapat SK. A study of sensitivity and resistance of pathogenic micro-organisms causing UTI in Kathmandu valley. Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2005; 3: 123- 129. 16415607
  27. [28]Cho SY Choi SM Park SH Lee DG Choi JH Yoo JH. Amikacin therapy for urinary tract infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. Korean J Intern Med. 2016; 31: 156- 161. 26767869 PMC4712420
  28. [29]Ramirez MS Tolmasky ME. Amikacin: uses, resistance, and prospects for inhibition. Molecules. 2017; 22: 2267. PMC5889950 29257114
  29. [30]Martínez-Salgado C López-Hernández FJ López-Novoa JM. Glomerular nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007; 223: 86- 98. 17602717
  30. [31]Donkor ES Newman MJ Yeboah-Manu D. Epidemiological aspects of non-human antibiotic usage and resistance: implications for the control of antibiotic resistance in Ghana. Trop Med Int Health. 2012; 17: 462- 468. 22413809

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Karikari, A. B., Saba, C. K., & Yamik, D. Y.
Affiliations
  • University for Development Studies (GH)
  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
Corresponding author
Karikari, Akosua B
ORCID
Venue
Microbiology Insights
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2022-01
Volume
15
Pages
11786361221106109-11786361221106109
ISSN
1178-6361 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1177/11786361221106109
PMC
PMC9234931
OpenAlex
W4285269778
Cited by
12
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1
FWCI
1.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Microbiology Insights (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Urinary Tract Infections Management
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Keywords
urinary tract infection, uropathogens, antibiotic susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance, multidrug resistance, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, pyelonephritis, hyperparathyroidism, dysuria, age and sex distribution, Northern Ghana

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review