The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Cultural Formulation Guidelines
Abstract
The outline for the Cultural Formulation (CF) introduced in DSM-IV does not present any method for collecting the required cultural information. The absence of specific guidelines and illustrative cases has hampered its wider use. This article offers a practical approach to preparing a Cultural Formulation as a component of culturally competent clinical care. We summarize the rationale for the four sections of the CF, describe the process of conducting culturally focused clinical interviews, and present examples of questions or lines of inquiry that can be used to collect the information needed to construct the CF. An online supplement provides case examples of cultural formulations applied to patients seen in the US.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees: general approach in primary care
Kirmayer, L. J., Narasiah, L., Munoz, M., Rashid, M., Ryder, A. G., Guzder, J., Hassan, G., Rousseau, C., Pottie, K., & for the Canadian Collaboration for Immigrant and Refugee Health (CCIRH) (2011) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.090292 · Cited by 1,505
Self-citationClark, L. A., Cuthbert, B., Lewis-Fernández, R., Narrow, W. E., & Reed, G. M. (2017) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100617727266 · Cited by 688
Culture and Psychiatric Evaluation: Operationalizing Cultural Formulation for DSM-5
Lewis-Fernández, R., Aggarwal, N. K., Bäärnhielm, S., Rohlof, H., Kirmayer, L. J., Weiss, M. G., Jadhav, S., Hinton, L., Alarcón, R. D., Bhugra, D., et al. (2014) · Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes · doi:10.1521/psyc.2014.77.2.130 · Cited by 269
Self-citationBarriers to Implementing the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview: A Qualitative Study
Aggarwal, N. K., Nicasio, A. V., DeSilva, R., Boiler, M., & Lewis-Fernández, R. (2013) · Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s11013-013-9325-z · Cited by 159
Aggarwal, N. K., Desilva, R., Nicasio, A. V., Boiler, M., & Lewis-Fernández, R. (2015) · Ethnicity & Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2013.857762 · Cited by 98
Metadata
- Authors
- Mezzich, J. E., Caracci, G., Fabrega, H., & Kirmayer, L. J.
- Venue
- Transcultural Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 383-405
- ISSN
- 1363-4615 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7471
- OpenAlex
- W2105252768
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 35.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Cultural Formulation Guidelines. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/1363461509342942
- The paper
- Mezzich, J. E., Caracci, G., Fabrega, H., & Kirmayer, L. J. (2009). Cultural Formulation Guidelines. Transcultural Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461509342942
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
