Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Joss or Incense Sticks
Abstract
A recent Department of Health funded project investigating carbon monoxide (CO) levels in homes found one home with CO concentrations above World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline levels. The source was identified as burning joss or incense sticks. This paper reports on a study investigating the CO emissions of 5 different types of commonly available joss sticks. All 5 brands emit significant amounts of CO with each joss stick producing as much as 557mg of CO, compared to 60mg CO from a typical cigarette. Experiments confirm that burning as few as 2 joss sticks (Lemon Grass brand) in a well sealed room would breach the WHO 1-hour guideline levels for CO of 26ppm within an hour.
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Burning as few as 2 joss sticks in a well-sealed room would breach WHO 1-hour guideline levels for CO within an hour.
“Experiments have shown that burning as few as 2 joss sticks in a well-sealed room would breach the WHO1 -hour guideline levels for CO levels within an hour (Croxford and Kynigou, 2005 ).”
From Incense: Ritual, Health Effects and Prudence (2013) · cites this paper as Croxford and Kynigou, 2005
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Incense: Ritual, Health Effects and Prudence
NAIR, U. (2013) · Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland · doi:10.1017/s1356186312000661 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Croxford, B., & Kynigou, D.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Croxford, B.
- ORCID
- Croxford, B.
- Venue
- Indoor and Built Environment
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 277-282
- ISSN
- 1420-326X (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0070
- OpenAlex
- W2086164403
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 0.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Indoor and Built Environment (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Energy and Environment Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Keywords
- carbon monoxide emissions, incense sticks, indoor air pollution, indoor air quality
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