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Retinal Illumination and Age
Abstract
As our eyes age the amount of light reaching the retina decreases. This is attributable largely to changes in the pupil diameter, to the yellowing of the lens and, to a smaller extent, to a change in the effective path-length of light through the lens. The age variation of retinal illumination is estimated on the basis of published data for standard illuminants A and C, and for three types of fluorescent lamp. In all five cases the small difference found to exist between the light-adapted and dark-adapted eye is greater than differences between the lamps considered. In general, retinal illumination at the age of 60 is about one-third of the value corresponding to an age of 20. The practical significance of the estimate is discussed.
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“This need increases progressively with age, such that a 60-year old with normal vision needs twice the illumination to see sharply as a 20-year old (Pirkl, 1994; Weale, 1961).”
From Design Principles to Accommodate Older Adults (2012) · cites this paper as Weale, 1961
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References 18 · Cited by 127
Research works printed but not linked: 14
- Stiles W. S., 1933, Proc. Roy. Soc., B, 112, 428
- Richter M., 1956, Die Farbe, 5, 179
- Le Grand Y., 1937, Rev. d'Opt., 16, 201
- Birren J. E., 1950, Geront., 5, 216
- Leinhos R., 1959, Optik, 16, 669
- Weale R. A. ‘Vision Research’. (In Press.)
- Weale R. A., 1960, ‘The Eye and Its Function’
- Smith Priestley, 1883, Trans. OSUK, 3, 79
- Pillat A., 1952, Wien Klin. Wsch'r., 66, 856
- Donders F. C., 1866, ‘Die Anomalien der Refraktion und Accommodation des Auges’
- Chapanis A., 1950, Hum. Biol., 22, 1
- Weale R. A., 1961, Ann. RCS., 28, 16
- Salmony D., 1960, Ann. Rep. Inst. Ophthal., 12, 21
- Ferree C. E., 1934, Trans. Illum. Eng. Soc., 29, 296
Metadata
- Authors
- Weale, R. A.
- Corresponding author
- Weale, R. A.
- Venue
- Transactions of the Illuminating Engineering Society
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1961-06
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2_IEStrans
- Pages
- 95-100
- ISSN
- 0096-5952 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2336764049
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
- Locations
- Transactions of the Illuminating Engineering Society (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular and Laser Science Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- retinal illumination, aging, pupil size, lens yellowing, optical path length, light adaptation, dark adaptation, light sources, fluorescent lamps, visual aging
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Retinal Illumination and Age. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/147715356102600204
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- Weale, R. A. (1961). Retinal Illumination and Age. Transactions of the Illuminating Engineering Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/147715356102600204
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
