How Traffic Situations and Non-Driving Related Tasks Affect the Take-Over Quality in Highly Automated Driving
Open accessAbstract
Highly automated driving constitutes a temporary transfer of the primary driving task from the driver to the automated vehicle. In case of system limits, drivers take back control of the vehicle. This study investigates the effect of varying traffic situations and non-driving related tasks on the take-over process and quality. The experiment is conducted in a high-fidelity driving simulator. The standardized visual Surrogate Reference Task (SuRT) and the cognitive n-back Task are used to simulate the non-driving related tasks. Participants experience four different traffic situations. Results of this experiment show a strong influence of the traffic situations on the take-over quality in a highway setting, if the traffic density is high. The non-driving related tasks SuRT and the n-back Task show similar effects on the take-over process with a higher total number of collisions by the SuRT in the high density traffic situation.
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It may take more than 30 seconds-and will at minimum take 2 seconds-for a human being to regain situational awareness when required to do so.
“It may take more than 30 seconds - and will at minimum take 2 seconds - for a human being to regain situational awareness when required to do so”
From When human beings are like drunk robots: Driverless vehicles, ethics, and the future of transport (2017) · cites this paper as Radlmayr et al., 2014
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References 13 · Cited by 448
- Authors
- Radlmayr, J., Gold, C., Lorenz, L., Farid, M., & Bengler, K.
- Affiliations
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- BMW (Germany) (DE)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-09
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2063-2067
- ISSN
- 0163-5182 (ISSN-L)
- 1071-1813
- 2169-5067
- OpenAlex
- W2117074369
- Cited by
- 448
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 36.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- mediatum.ub.tum.de
- Locations
- Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (publishedVersion)
- mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Traffic and Road Safety
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety
- Keywords
- highly automated driving, non-driving related tasks, traffic density, highway traffic, n-back task, driver workload, collision risk, human-automation interaction
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