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Cited by 153Human-Automation Interaction and SafetyErgonomics and Human FactorsUsability and User Interface Design

A General Model of Mixed-Initiative Human-Machine Systems

Riley, Victor·1989·Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting
DOI 10.1177/154193128903300227
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Abstract

The increasing role of automation in human-machine systems requires modelling approaches which are flexible enough to systematically express a large range of automation levels and assist the exploration of a large range of automation issues. A General Model of Mixed-Initiative Human-Machine Systems is described, along with a corresponding automation taxonomy, which: provides a framework for representing human-machine systems over a wide range of complexity; forms the basis of a dynamic, pseudo-mathematical simulation of complex interrelationships between situational and cognitive factors operating in dynamic function allocation decisions; and can guide methodical investigations into the implications of decisions regarding system automation levels.

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Crossref · 10.1177/154193128903300227

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  • Within each type of automation, automation can be applied across a continuum of levels from low to high, from fully manual to fully automatic.

    “Within each of these types, automation can be applied across a continuum of levels from low to high, i.e., from fully manual to fully automatic.”

    From A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation (2000) · cites this paper as [12]

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Authors
Riley, V.
Affiliations
Honeywell Systems and Research Center Minneapolis, MN
Corresponding author
Riley, Victor
Venue
Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
1989-10
Volume
33
Issue
2
Pages
124-128
ISSN
0163-5182 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1177/154193128903300227
OpenAlex
W2147392138
Cited by
153
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
FWCI
4.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Ergonomics and Human Factors
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
Keywords
levels of automation, function allocation, situational factors, cognitive factors, human-machine interaction

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