The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Levels of anxiety and sources of stress in adults with autism
Abstract
Clinical reports suggest that anxiety is a pertinent issue for adults with autism. We compared 34 adults with autism with 20 adults with intellectual disabilities, utilizing informant-based measures of anxiety and stress. Groups were matched by age, gender and intellectual ability. Adults with autism were almost three times more anxious than the comparison group and gained significantly higher scores on the anxiety subscales of panic and agoraphobia, separation anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. In terms of sources of stress, significant differences between the two groups were also found, and stress was found to correlate with high anxiety levels for the autism group, particularly the ability to cope with change, anticipation, sensory stimuli and unpleasant events. That is, the more anxious the individual with autism, the less likely they were able to cope with these demands. This has important implications for clinicians in terms of both assessment and treatment.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“sensory processing differences (SPDs) such as hypo- or hyper-sensitivity to sensory stimuli, which are now considered a defining characteristic of autism (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), have also been linked to anxiety in a number of studies (Gillott & Standen, 2007).”
From Examining a model of anxiety in autistic adults (2024) · cites this paper as Gillott & Standen, 2007
In the citing paper
“In ASD samples, severity of anxiety appears to be higher in individuals with more severe sensory dysfunction (Gillott and Standen, 2007; Uljarević et al., 2016).”
From Sensory, emotional and cognitive contributions to anxiety in autism spectrum disorders (2017) · cites this paper as Gillott and Standen, 2007
In the citing paper
“Sensory concerns appear to be more prevalent in ASD samples than in control groups with developmental concerns, including special educational needs (Green et al., 2016) and adults with intellectual disabilities (Gillott and Standen, 2007).”
From Sensory, emotional and cognitive contributions to anxiety in autism spectrum disorders (2017) · cites this paper as Gillott and Standen, 2007
In the citing paper
“The prevalence of comorbid mental health conditions in autism is strikingly high.”
From Experiences of autism acceptance and mental health in autistic adults (2018) · cites this paper as Gillott and Standen 2007
In the citing paper
“Anxiety is also frequently found to be higher in the autistic population than within the non-autistic population (Gillott and Standen 2007)”
From Experiences of autism acceptance and mental health in autistic adults (2018) · cites this paper as Gillott and Standen 2007
Citations
Cites
(1943) · The Nervous child · Cited by 8,870
Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind” ?
Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1985) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 · Cited by 8,599
Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence
Dumont, R., Willis, J. O., Veizel, K., & Zibulsky, J. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118660584.ese2519 · Cited by 5,546
Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence
Wechsler, D. (1999) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t15170-000 · Cited by 4,681
Asperger’s syndrome: a clinical account
Wing, L. (1981) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700053332 · Cited by 1,913
The Prevalence of Anxiety and Mood Problems among Children with Autism and Asperger Syndrome
Kim, J. A., Szatmári, P., Bryson, S. E., Streiner, D. L., & Wilson, F. (2000) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361300004002002 · Cited by 937
Nauta, M. H., Scholing, A., Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M., Spence, S. H., & Waters, A. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00200-6 · Cited by 763
Structure of anxiety symptoms among children: A confirmatory factor-analytic study.
Spence, S. H. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.106.2.280 · Cited by 753
Structure of anxiety symptoms among children: A confirmatory factor-analytic study.
Spence, S. H. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.106.2.280 · Cited by 753
Anxiety in High-Functioning Children with Autism
Gillott, A., Furniss, F., & Walter, A. (2001) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361301005003005 · Cited by 562
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Groden, J., paper presented to the Inaugural World Autism Congress
- Kanner, L., 1943, Nervous Child, 2, 217
- Klein, R.G., 1994, Anxiety Disorders
- Moss, S., 1996, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 40, 547, 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1996.tb00652.x · DOI
- Sofronoff, K., 2003, Good Autism Practice, 4, 2
- Spence, S.H., 1999, Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (Parent Version)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–359 of 359
Lifespan aspects of PDD/autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
Wolf, J. M., & Paterson, S. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511674815.019
Effects of Anxiety Disorders on Life Outcomes of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Herold, B. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/j0ed-5p56
Special interests and mental health in autism spectrum disorders
Aday, M. (2011) · Figshare
Dault, L. (2013) · QSpace (Queen's University Library)
Soares, M. A. (2015) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.11575/prism/25972
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) : a study of its clinical profile and parenting stress in Hong Kong
Wing-yee, R. L. (2014) · The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) · doi:10.5353/th_b5435548
Conceptualizing a Mentorship Program for University Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Roberts, N. (2015) · Summit (Simon Fraser University)
Leatherland, J., & Beardon, L. (2016) · SHURA (Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive) (Sheffield Hallam University)
Autistic Men in the Workplace: An Interpretative Phenomenological Study
Boyce, L. D. (2016) · CLOK (University of Central Lancashire)
Scott, G. (2018) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-94947-5_96
Bennett, M., Webster, A. A., Goodall, E., & Rowland, S. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3359-0_8
Social and Psychological Stressors
Halstead, E. J., Stanley, J., & Greer, J. M. H. (2019) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20843-1_19
Self-Injurious Behavior in Persons with Autism Spectrum Conditions
Furniss, F., & Biswas, A. B. (2020) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36016-0_8
Unwin, K. L. (2019) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)
Groot, K. D., & Smeets, G. (2017) · Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s41252-017-0037-1
Autistic Dreaming: a phenomenological study of dreaming and well-being
Pindar, S.-A. (2019) · Sheffield Hallam University · doi:10.7190/shu-thesis-00319 · Cited by 1
Developing A Novel Measure of Theory of Mind: The Friendship Game
Smithers, M. (2020) · UEL Research Repository (University of East London) · doi:10.15123/uel.8882v
特別支援学校における生活単元学習的実践--日常生活と音楽の結びつき (特集 音楽科と他教科との連携--何を拓くためにどの教科とどのように連携するのか)
祐司, 尾. (2011) · 音楽教育実践ジャーナル
Factor Invariance of Anxiety and Depression Measures in Autism
McKernan, E. P. (2020) · Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University)
A Review of Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Betz, H. A. (2017)
Does training on inhibitory tasks influence alcohol consumption and attitudes
Hegarty, B. D., Rushby, J. A., Johnstone, S. J., Kelly, P. J., & Smith, J. L. (2012) · Research Online (University of Wollongong)
Reed, P. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118897553.refs
Amaral, D. G., Rubenstein, J. L. R., & Rogers, S. J. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470478509.neubb002052 · Cited by 1
Hemmings, C. P., & Bouras, N. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107588714.006
(2018) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-4020-5.ch004
Beardon, L., Chown, N., & Cossburn, K. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_102159
Steele, K., & Ahrentzen, S. B. (2015) · Policy Press eBooks · doi:10.51952/9781447307983.bm001
Morris, D. J., Brewer, R. J., Webb, A., & Gray, N. (2016) · Forensic Update · doi:10.53841/bpsfu.2016.1.121.7
Fitzgerald, K., & Wakeland, E. (2013) · Forensic Update · doi:10.53841/bpsfu.2013.1.109.11
Sejima, K., Uozumi, R., Murai, T., & Funabiki, Y. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04285-x
Understanding and Improving the Experiences of Autistic Girls and Women in Healthcare
Hotez, E., Rosenau, K. A., Chiang, L., Brown, K. M., Lejbman, J. M., Ricketts, W. D., & VanderVeen, N. T. (2024) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-1285-8.ch009
Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB) ve Sosyal Anksiyete: Komorbidite mi İlişkili bir Semptom mu?
Aslan, S. D. (2024) · Mevzu – Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.56720/mevzu.1586050
Babatope, T. T., Pagán, A. F., McCool, C. W., Parks, N. R., Koch, N., Welch, L., & Daghighi, P. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009334730.030
Alabdali, A. N. (2025) · International journal for autism challenges & solution. · doi:10.54878/sgp7fp60 · Cited by 1
Impact of camouflaging on females with autism
Janicki-Menzie, C. (2021) · Scholars Archive - University at Albany (University at Albany, State University of New York) · doi:10.54014/h8g5-3ph0
Syed, B., Vandewouw, M. M., Cardy, R. E., Carbone, J., Niroomand, K., Bokadia, H., Paul, T., Monga, S., Brian, J. A., Andrade, B. F., et al. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5270022
Watt, G., & Karl, T. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87990-6_14
Dunn, H., & Yearsley, S. (2025) · Children s Geographies · doi:10.1080/14733285.2025.2542751
Self-esteem and coping styles: Preliminary findings in a sample of autistic employees
Erdal, K., Gelléri, P., Billstedt, E., & Dettmers, J. (2026) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.reia.2025.202782
Giger, S., Brockmann, H., & Mathis, F. (2026) · doi:10.1145/3780045.3780048
Adapting Measures of Anxiety and Mood Disorders for Use with Autistic Adults: A Systematic Review
Wilkinson, E. H., Brewe, A. M., Hastings, R. P., Jahoda, A. J., White, S. W., & Bal, V. H. (2026) · Current Developmental Disorders Reports · doi:10.1007/s40474-026-00348-3
Linnenbank, F., Linnenbank, M., Beimdiek, S., Bender, S., & Vöckel, J. (2026) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-026-07322-3
Mikołajewska, J., & Płatos, M. (2026) · Research in Neurodiversity · doi:10.1016/j.rin.2026.100034
Self-reported cognitive inflexibility mediates autistic traits and anxietyPreprint
Callejo, L. T., & Nieto, M. Á. P. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9724887/v1
O’Brien, K., & Blair, P. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14521-5_10
Gardner, A. W., Weddle, S. A., Yaggie, M., Anguiano, C., Davidson, A., & Tureaud, C. (2026) · Behavioral Interventions · doi:10.1002/bin.70139
Forced adjustment to change and disruption: Autistic traits and stress in adults
Fujita, Y., Samejima, Y., & Yoshida, M. (2026) · Research in Neurodiversity · doi:10.1016/j.rin.2026.100067
Wood, S. C., Kolić, P. V., Kaiseler, M., & Wood, G. (2026) · Sport Education and Society · doi:10.1080/13573322.2026.2750453
Smith, A. M. (2013) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.11575/prism/28661
Jitlina, E. (2012) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.11575/prism/27630
Metadata
- Authors
- Gillott, A., & Standen, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Highbury Hospital (GB)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gillott, Alinda
- ORCID
- Standen, P.J.
- Venue
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 359-370
- ISSN
- 1744-6295 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-6309
- OpenAlex
- W2107963389
- Cited by
- 359
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 3.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, stress, autistic adults, intellectual disability, panic disorder, agoraphobia, separation anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, coping with change, sensory stimuli
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Age Factors, Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Intellectual Disability, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Severity of Illness Index, Stress, Psychological, Wechsler Scales, Comorbidity, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review