The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 72 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ethical and safe: Research with children about domestic violence
Open accessAbstract
Ethics applications to conduct research with children who have experienced domestic violence will frequently raise a red flag to ethics committees about the potential for risk and re-traumatization. On the other hand, such sensitive research can enable a hidden, marginalized population to have their voices heard. It can deliver findings about children’s lives that can inform otherwise adult-centric research, policy and practice initiatives. The authors highlight ethical concerns and practical solutions using examples from domestic violence, family law and child abuse research with children. Ethical planning is explored according to methodologies, context and whether the violence has been named. Also discussed are consent procedures, confidentiality and the development of protocols for disclosure, distress, safety and risk assessment, which support ethical and safe research with children.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Several steps were taken to protect children involved in the research, including ensuring that they understood the focus of the research, and had access to questions before the interview so they could make informed choices about involvement; structuring interviews to take into account the developmental level of the young person, and ensuring that Children were only interviewed if they had left”
From Children’s embodied experience of living with domestic violence: “I’d go into my panic, and shake, really bad” (2016) · cites this paper as Morris et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1984) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 6,312
Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood
James, A., & Prout, A. (2003) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203362600 · Cited by 2,824
Children's participation : from tokenism to citizenshipPreprint
Hart, R. A. (1992) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 2,088
Research with children: perspectives and practices
Hayes, M. (2001) · Educational Action Research · doi:10.1080/09650790100200296 · Cited by 1,463
The Victimization of Children and Youth: A Comprehensive, National Survey
David Finkelhor, B., Ormrod, R. K., Turner, H. A., & Hamby, S. L. (2004) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559504271287 · Cited by 1,411
The ethics of care: personal, political, and global
Uhde, Z. (2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-0239 · Cited by 1,040
The Ethics of Social Research with Children: An Overview
Morrow, V., & Richards, M. (1996) · Children & Society · doi:10.1111/j.1099-0860.1996.tb00461.x · Cited by 1,035
Working with Ethical Symmetry in Social Research with Children
Christensen, P., & Prout, A. (2002) · Childhood · doi:10.1177/0907568202009004007 · Cited by 963
Virginia Held,The ethics of care: Personal, political, and global(Oxford University Press, 2006)
Mahowald, M. B. (2009) · International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics · doi:10.2979/fab.2009.2.1.177 · Cited by 909
(2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203024607 · Cited by 855
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Birbeck D, 2007, Journal of Educational Enquiry, 7, 21
- Carroll-Lind J, 2011, Social Policy Journal of New Zealand, 37, 13
- 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0860(199606)10:2<90::AID-CHI14>3.0.CO;2-Z · DOI
- Neale B, 1998, University of Leeds, UK, Centre for Research on Family, Kinship and Childhood
- Preston N, 2001, Understanding Ethics
- Qvortrup J, 1991, Childhood as a Social Phenomenon: An Introduction to a Series of National Reports
- Spriggs M, 2010, Understanding Consent in Research Involving Children: The Ethical Issues
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Beyond “Witnessing”: Children’s Experiences of Coercive Control in Domestic Violence and Abuse
Callaghan, J. E. M., Alexander, J. H., Sixsmith, J., & Fellin, L. C. (2018) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260515618946 · Cited by 328
Houghton, C. (2015) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.2407 · Cited by 131
Tobin, J. (2013) · The International Journal of Children s Rights · doi:10.1163/15718182-02103004 · Cited by 125
Katz, E., Nikupeteri, A., & Laitinen, M. (2020) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.2611 · Cited by 123
Absent presence: the ongoing impact of men's violence on the mother–child relationship
Thiara, R. K., & Humphreys, C. (2015) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.12210 · Cited by 123
Self-citationChildren’s experiences of domestic violence and abuse: Siblings’ accounts of relational coping
Callaghan, J. E. M., Alexander, J. H., Sixsmith, J., & Fellin, L. C. (2016) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104515620250 · Cited by 92
Moore, T., McArthur, M., Death, J., Tilbury, C., & Roche, S. (2017) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.08.010 · Cited by 88
Callaghan, J., Fellin, L., Mavrou, S., Alexander, J., & Sixsmith, J. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0832-3 · Cited by 54
Coercive Control in Children's and Mothers' Lives
Katz, E. (2022) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190922214.001.0001 · Cited by 81
Pereda, N., Gallardo‐Pujol, D., & Guilera, G. (2016) · Psychology of Violence · doi:10.1037/vio0000075 · Cited by 92
McTavish, J. R., Kimber, M., Devries, K. M., Colombini, M., MacGregor, J. C. D., Wathen, C. N., & MacMillan, H. L. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025741 · Cited by 71
Lamb, K., Humphreys, C., & Hegarty, K. L. (2018) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.03.013 · Cited by 67
Self-citationChildren and domestic violence: Emotional competencies in embodied and relational contexts.
Callaghan, J., Fellin, L., Alexander, J. H., Mavrou, S., & Παπαθανασίου, Μ. (2017) · Psychology of Violence · doi:10.1037/vio0000108 · Cited by 63
More a marathon than a hurdle: towards children’s informed consent in a study on safety
Moore, T., McArthur, M., & Noble‐Carr, D. (2017) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794117700708 · Cited by 58
Pereda, N., Abad, J., & Guilera, G. (2016) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2016.1123791 · Cited by 57
Callaghan, J. E. M., Alexander, J. H., & Fellin, L. C. (2016) · Subjectivity · doi:10.1057/s41286-016-0011-9 · Cited by 46
Perspectives From Young People about Family Contact in Kinship Care: “Don't Push Us—Listen More”
Kiraly, M., & Humphreys, C. (2012) · Australian Social Work · doi:10.1080/0312407x.2012.715658 · Cited by 44
Self-citationChild's Play? Children and Young People's Resistances to Domestic Violence and Abuse
Fellin, L., Callaghan, J., Alexander, J. H., Mavrou, S., & Harrison-Breed, C. (2018) · Children & Society · doi:10.1111/chso.12302 · Cited by 38
Safe and Sound: Exploring the safety of young people in residential care
Moore, T., McArthur, M., Roche, S., Death, J., & Tilbury, C. (2016) · Australian Catholic University · doi:10.24268/fhs.8140 · Cited by 36
Reconceptualizing the Child Victim in the Police Response to Domestic Violence
Elliffe, R., & Holt, S. (2019) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-019-00055-1 · Cited by 25
Intimate Partner Abuse: Identifying, Caring for and Helping Women in Healthcare Settings
Valpied, J., & Hegarty, K. L. (2015) · Women s Health · doi:10.2217/whe.14.59 · Cited by 40
Self-citationMorris, A., Humphreys, C., & Hegarty, K. L. (2020) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/1609406920958909 · Cited by 29
Self-citationCo-producing and navigating consent in participatory research with young people
Whittington, E. (2019) · Journal of Children s Services · doi:10.1108/jcs-02-2019-0007 · Cited by 27
Including and involving young people (under 18’s) in hate research without the consent of parents
Pickles, J. (2019) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794118816622 · Cited by 27
Seppälä, P., Vornanen, R., & Toikko, T. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260519898440 · Cited by 27
Fairchild, R., & McFerran, K. S. (2018) · Children Australia · doi:10.1017/cha.2018.45 · Cited by 23
Letter to the Editor: Research on Children Experiencing Domestic Violence
Øverlien, C., & Holt, S. (2018) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-018-9997-9 · Cited by 20
The ethical imperative: Special considerations in the trauma counseling process.
Mailloux, S. L. (2013) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1177/1534765613496649 · Cited by 21
“I’ll be Okay”: Survivors’ Perspectives on Participation in Domestic Violence Research
Dragiewicz, M., Woodlock, D., Easton, H., Harris, B., & Salter, M. (2023) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-023-00518-6 · Cited by 20
Meyer, S., & Frost, A. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003569886 · Cited by 20
Children’s voices in research with children exposed to intimate partner violence: a critical review
Åkerlund, N., & Gottzén, L. (2016) · Nordic Social Work Research · doi:10.1080/2156857x.2016.1156019 · Cited by 25
Eliffe, R., Holt, S., & Øverlien, C. (2020) · Social Work & Social Sciences Review · doi:10.1921/swssr.v22i1.1438 · Cited by 23
Bennett, V., Gill, C., Miller, P., Wood, A., Bennett, C., NeurOX, Y. P. A. G., & Singh, I. (2022) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.13622 · Cited by 18
Nikupeteri, A., & Laitinen, M. (2023) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-023-00537-3 · Cited by 6
A Qualitative Account of Children’s Perspectives and Responses to Intimate Partner Violence in Chile
Miranda, J. K., León, C., & Crockett, M. A. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520903132 · Cited by 17
Consent for Research on Violence against Children: Dilemmas and Contradictions
Martins, P. C., & Sani, A. I. (2020) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc10010015 · Cited by 16
Ethical considerations regarding the inclusion of children in nursing research
Damsma-Bakker, A., van Leeuwen, R., & Roodbol, P. F. (2020) · Nursing Ethics · doi:10.1177/0969733020948120 · Cited by 15
Guerra, C., & Pereda, N. (2015) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2015.1092006 · Cited by 15
Vaswani, N. (2018) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/13645579.2018.1434866 · Cited by 21
”Everything Changed When I Got Those Drums”: A Collaborative Case Reflection
Fairchild, R., & Mraz, M. (2018) · Voices A World Forum for Music Therapy · doi:10.15845/voices.v18i1.957 · Cited by 14
Hilário, A. P., & Augusto, F. R. (2020) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03943-395-7 · Cited by 13
Diemer, K., Hammond, K., Absler, D., Spiteri‐Staines, A., & Humphreys, C. (2024) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-024-00708-w · Cited by 12
Self-citationHenze‐Pedersen, S. (2021) · Childhood · doi:10.1177/0907568220984835 · Cited by 12
Risk, responsibility, and choice in research ethics
Cook, E., Markham, S., Parker, J., John, A., Barnicot, K., & McManus, S. (2021) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00434-x · Cited by 12
Miranda, J. K., Olivares, N., & Crockett, M. A. (2022) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-021-00345-7 · Cited by 12
Miranda, J. K., Domedel, C., Crockett, M. A., Azócar, E., & Thatcher, K. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105220 · Cited by 11
Bennett, V., Gill, C., Miller, P., members, C. S. A. N. Y., members, N. Y., & Appleton, J. V. (2023) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.2818 · Cited by 10
Lamb, K., Humphreys, C., & Hegarty, K. L. (2020) · Research Ethics · doi:10.1177/1747016120936324 · Cited by 10
Self-citationO’Doherty, L., Carter, G., sleath, E., Brown, K., Brown, S., Lutman, E., Jackson, L., Heron, J., Kalsi, P., Ladeinde, O. C., et al. (2023) · Health and Social Care Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/ctgf3870 · Cited by 11
Woollett, N., Christofides, N. J., Franchino-Olsen, H., Silima, M., Fouché, A., & Meinck, F. (2024) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605241230088 · Cited by 9
Wall, M. A., Jenney, A., & Walsh, M. (2018) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.007 · Cited by 9
Perspectivas de niños y niñas sobre crecer en hogares con violencia de género en la pareja
Miranda, J. K., Rojas, C., Crockett, M. A., & Azócar, E. (2021) · Anales de Psicología · doi:10.6018/analesps.429651 · Cited by 8
Finding Home: The Experience of Home on Journeys Away from Intimate Partner Violence
Henze-Pedersen, S., & Poulsen, J. (2023) · British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcad157 · Cited by 5
Zhu, L., Seya, M. K. S., Villaveces, A., Conkling, M., Trika, J., Kamagaté, F., Annor, F., & Massetti, G. M. (2022) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22824 · Cited by 7
Podesta, J. (2017) · Children & Society · doi:10.1111/chso.12206 · Cited by 7
Krella, K. A., Painter, F. L., Booth, A., Holtzworth‐Munroe, A., Evans, E., Jiang, H., & McIntosh, J. E. (2025) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380251325195 · Cited by 7
Moore, J., Mello, M. M., & Bismark, M. (2019) · Bioethics · doi:10.1111/bioe.12599 · Cited by 6
Meinck, F., Franchino-Olsen, H., Hafstad, G. S., Jud, A., Liel, C., Nikolaidis, G., & Græsholt‐Knudsen, T. (2025) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107679 · Cited by 5
Ethische Fragen in der Forschung mit Kindern und Jugendlichen zu sexueller Gewalt: Ein Überblick
Kindler, H. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-06294-1_5 · Cited by 5
Alvarez-Lizotte, P., Bisson, S. M., Lessard, G., Dumont, A., Bourassa, C., & Roy, V. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105722 · Cited by 5
Kern, M. L., Cahill, H., Morrish, L., Farrelly, A., Shlezinger, K., & Jach, H. K. (2020) · Research Ethics · doi:10.1177/1747016120952511 · Cited by 5
Attrash-Najjar, A., & Friedman‐Hauser, G. (2025) · Child Protection and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100127 · Cited by 4
Seppälä, P., Pfeifer, M., & Toikko, T. (2024) · Social Work in Public Health · doi:10.1080/19371918.2024.2396000 · Cited by 3
Mothers’ Views About Children’s Engagement in Domestic Violence Research
Mackey, P., Plath, D., Joosten, A., & Moore, T. (2024) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-024-00743-7 · Cited by 3
Advisory groups of children in research on gender-based violence
Garcia‐Molsosa, M., Montserrat, C., Masó, P. S., Lladó, A. P., & Vidal, E. I. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106935 · Cited by 3
Forschungsethik und Kinderrechte
Pfetsch, J. S., Paschel, F., Bieß, C., & Stapf, I. (2024) · MedienPädagogik Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung · doi:10.21240/mpaed/60/2024.12.12.x · Cited by 2
Ayittey, R. E., Yendork, J. S., Oti-Boadi, M., & Asante, K. O. (2022) · Journal of Divorce & Remarriage · doi:10.1080/10502556.2022.2106814 · Cited by 2
Caffrey, L. (2014) · London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) · Cited by 2
Editorial: The publication of unethical research
Hunter, D. L. (2012) · Research Ethics · doi:10.1177/1747016112445959 · Cited by 2
Surviving together: domestic violence and mother-child relationships
Katz, E. (2015) · Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham) · Cited by 2
Sun, Y. (2022) · Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Science Education and Art Appreciation (SEAA 2022) · doi:10.2991/978-2-494069-05-3_33 · Cited by 1
Adolescents’ Experiences of Parental Intimate Partner Violence: A Review of Qualitative Literature
Achar, M., Ruben, J., & Thomas, S. (2025) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380251329488 · Cited by 1
Alvarez-Lizotte, P., & Lessard, G. (2026) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.108035 · Cited by 1
Moments of Disclosure: A Temporal Approach to Children’s and Young People’s Disclosure of Abuse
Henze‐Pedersen, S., & Mikuta, M. I. (2026) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-026-01137-7 · Cited by 1
Makaudze, R., Tofa, E., & Mushonga, T. (2024) · Africa Development · doi:10.57054/ad.v48i3.5319 · Cited by 1
Steensbæk, S. (2026) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/14687941261466605 · Cited by 1
Asher, I., & Julia, E. (2016) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research · Cited by 1
Capaldi, M. P. (2021) · Journal of Population and Social Studies · doi:10.25133/jpssv292021.019 · Cited by 1
Katz, E. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190922214.003.0004 · Cited by 1
Quinten, J., & Wehner, N. (2025) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-025-00834-z · Cited by 1
Coercive control and the agentic child
Katz, E. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190922214.003.0002 · Cited by 1
Children outcomes and intimate partner violence research – Authors' reply
Hegarty, K. L., & Morris, A. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62134-0
Self-citationA Spy in the Family: Trust in Sensitive Research with Children
Henze‐Pedersen, S. (2021) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s2398-601820210000007014
Understanding coercive control
Katz, E. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190922214.003.0001
And they lived happily ever after?
Katz, E. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190922214.003.0008
Katz, E. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190922214.003.0010
Katz, E. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190922214.003.0007
Interviewing children and mothers about coercive control
Katz, E. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190922214.003.0003
Katz, E. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190922214.003.0006
Katz, E. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190922214.002.0006
Mother–child relationships under coercive control
Katz, E. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190922214.003.0005
Katz, E. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190922214.002.0004
Katz, E. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190922214.003.0009
Exploring Risk and Protective Factors for Child Harm Amidst Exposure to Inter-parental Violence
Minanago, C. A., Crutzen, R., van den Borne, H. W., & Kaaya, S. (2024) · The African Review · doi:10.1163/1821889x-bja10097
AD, Volume 48, n° 3, 2023 - Full Issue
System, J. (2024) · Africa Development · doi:10.57054/ad.v48i3.5325
Coping within the Stepfamily Context in Ghana: Experiences of Stepchildren and Stepparents
Yendork, J. S., Ayittey, R. E., Oti-Boadi, M., Omari, E. B., & Asante, K. O. (2024) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-024-02956-2
Taylor, E. K., de Vet, E., Xu, H., Susanto, J., Thomas, D., Button, S., Froome, K., & Hendrickson, B. (2025) · Evaluation Journal of Australasia · doi:10.1177/1035719x251336477
Amplifying voices, dismantling silences: Ethical praxis in multimodal child-centered research
Ghazani, A. Z. (2025) · Research Ethics · doi:10.1177/17470161251339785
Kertesz, M., Guillou, M., Nguyen, H. T. D., & Humphreys, C. (2026) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.109244
Self-citationThe Mirror of Doubt: The Relational Process of Disclosing Violence Among Children and Young People
Henze‐Pedersen, S. (2026) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605261497995
Metadata
- Authors
- Morris, A., Hegarty, K., & Humphreys, C.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Morris, Anita
- Venue
- Research Ethics
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 125-139
- ISSN
- 1747-0161 (ISSN-L)
- 2047-6094
- OpenAlex
- W2133021627
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 15.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Research Ethics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Children's Rights and Participation
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Keywords
- children exposed to domestic violence, retraumatization, risk assessment, confidentiality, child abuse research, marginalized communities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
