Cybersecurity for Connected Diabetes Devices
Open accessAbstract
Diabetes devices are increasingly connected wirelessly to each other and to data-displaying reader devices. Threats to the accurate flow of information and commands may compromise the function of these devices and put their users at risk of health complications. Sound cybersecurity of connected diabetes devices is necessary to maintain confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the data and commands. Diabetes devices can be hacked by unauthorized agents and also by patients themselves to extract data that are not automatically provided by product software. Unauthorized access to connected diabetes devices has been simulated and could happen in reality. A cybersecurity standard designed specifically for connected diabetes devices will improve the safety of these products and increase confidence of users that the products will be secure.
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Scenarios where a cyber attack results in the deaths of individuals or groups have been demonstrated by researchers.
“Scenarios where a cyber attack results in the deaths of individuals or groups (eg, by corrupting the firmware of a pacemaker or insulin pump) can be easily imagined and have been demonstrated by researchers (Klonoff 2015),11 but to date, no such attack is known to have occurred in the real world.”
From 2021 ISHNE/HRS/EHRA/APHRS Expert Collaborative Statement on mHealth in Arrhythmia Management: Digital Medical Tools for Heart Rhythm Professionals: From the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology/Heart Rhythm Society/European Heart Rhythm Association/Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (2021) · cites this paper as Klonoff 2015
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Fleming, G. A., Petrie, J. R., Bergenstal, R. M., Holl, R. W., Peters, A. L., & Heinemann, L. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci19-0062 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitors and automated insulin dosing systems in the hospital consensus guideline
Galindo, R. J., Umpierrez, G. E., Rushakoff, R. J., Basu, A., Lohnes, S., Nichols, J. H., Spanakis, E. K., Espinoza, J., Palermo, N. E., Awadjie, D. G., et al. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296820954163 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationHeintzman, N. D. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296815622453 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Wearable physiological systems and technologies for metabolic monitoring
Gao, W., Brooks, G. A., & Klonoff, D. C. (2018) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00407.2017 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationVarma, N., Cygankiewicz, I., Turakhia, M. P., Heidbuchel, H., Hu, Y.-F., Chen, L. Y., Couderc, J.-P., Cronin, E. M., Estep, J. D., Grieten, L., et al. (2021) · Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology · doi:10.1161/circep.120.009204 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“…where a cyber attack results in the deaths of individuals or groups (eg, by corrupting the firmware of a pacemaker or insulin pump) can be easily imagined and have been demonstrated by researchers (Klonoff 2015),11 but to date, no such attack is known to have occurred in the real world.”
BackgroundSix Digital Health Technologies That Will Transform Diabetes
Klonoff, A. N., Lee, W.-A. (., Xu, N. Y., Nguyen, K. T., DuBord, A., & Kerr, D. (2023) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968211043498 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
- Authors
- Klonoff, D. C.
- Affiliations
- Mills Peninsula Health Services (US)
- Corresponding author
- Klonoff, David C.
- ORCID
- Klonoff, David C.
- Venue
- Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-04-16
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1143-1147
- ISSN
- 1932-2968 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4667325
- OpenAlex
- W2012184262
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 13.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Information and Cyber Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Internet of Things and AI
- Keywords
- diabetes technology, cybersecurity, IoT devices, wireless communication, unauthorized access, data confidentiality, data integrity, availability, cybersecurity standards, patient data privacy
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Biosensing Techniques, Computer Security, Monitoring, Ambulatory
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