The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Pathology: The Present Landscape of Supervised Methods
Open accessAbstract
Increased interest in the opportunities provided by artificial intelligence and machine learning has spawned a new field of health-care research. The new tools under development are targeting many aspects of medical practice, including changes to the practice of pathology and laboratory medicine. Optimal design in these powerful tools requires cross-disciplinary literacy, including basic knowledge and understanding of critical concepts that have traditionally been unfamiliar to pathologists and laboratorians. This review provides definitions and basic knowledge of machine learning categories (supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning), introduces the underlying concept of the bias-variance trade-off as an important foundation in supervised machine learning, and discusses approaches to the supervised machine learning study design along with an overview and description of common supervised machine learning algorithms (linear regression, logistic regression, Naive Bayes, k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, random forest, convolutional neural networks).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Breiman, L. (2001) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1023/a:1010933404324 · Cited by 133,538
Quinlan, J. R. (1986) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1007/bf00116251 · Cited by 21,439
Classification and Regression by randomForest
Liaw, A. I., & Wiener, M. C. (2007) · Cited by 18,594
An Introduction to Statistical Learning
James, G., Witten, D., Hastie, T., & Tibshirani, R. (2013) · Springer Texts in Statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7138-7 · Cited by 12,106
Hearst, M. A., Dumais, S. T., Osuna, E., Platt, J., & Scholkopf, B. (1998) · IEEE Intelligent Systems and their Applications · doi:10.1109/5254.708428 · Cited by 7,243
The random subspace method for constructing decision forests
Ho, T. K. (1998) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/34.709601 · Cited by 6,842
A working guide to boosted regression trees
Elith, J., Leathwick, J. R., & Hastie, T. (2008) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01390.x · Cited by 6,484
An Introduction to Kernel and Nearest-Neighbor Nonparametric Regression
Altman, N. S. (1992) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.1992.10475879 · Cited by 5,708
Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers
Samuel, A. L. (1959) · IBM Journal of Research and Development · doi:10.1147/rd.33.0210 · Cited by 4,443
Neural Networks and the Bias/Variance Dilemma
Geman, S., Bienenstock, E., & Doursat, R. (1992) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1992.4.1.1 · Cited by 3,578
Cited by
Using machine learning approaches for multi-omics data analysis: A review
Reel, P. S., Reel, S., Pearson, E., Trucco, E., & Jefferson, E. (2021) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107739 · Cited by 903
Artificial intelligence and computational pathology
Cui, M., & Zhang, D. Y. (2021) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1038/s41374-020-00514-0 · Cited by 544
Early lung cancer diagnostic biomarker discovery by machine learning methods
Xie, Y., Meng, W.-Y., Li, R.-Z., Wang, Y.-W., Qian, X., Chan, C., Yu, Z.-F., Fan, X.-X., Pan, H.-D., Xie, C., et al. (2021) · Translational Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100907 · Cited by 269
Independent real‐world application of a clinical‐grade automated prostate cancer detection system
da Silva, L. M., Pereira, E. M., Salles, P. G., Godrich, R., Ceballos, R., Kunz, J. D., Casson, A., Viret, J., Chandarlapaty, S., Ferreira, C. G., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.5662 · Cited by 175
Albahra, S., Gorbett, T., Robertson, S., D'Aleo, G., Kumar, S. V. S., Ockunzzi, S., Lallo, D., Hu, B., & Rashidi, H. H. (2023) · Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology · doi:10.1053/j.semdp.2023.02.002 · Cited by 139
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Rashidi, H. H., Tran, N. K., Betts, E. V., Howell, L. P., & Green, R.
- Venue
- Academic Pathology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-01
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 2374289519873088
- ISSN
- 2374-2895 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2971361125
- Cited by
- 371
- References
- 45
- FWCI
- 18.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Pathology: The Present Landscape of Supervised Methods. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/2374289519873088
- The paper
- Rashidi, H. H., Tran, N. K., Betts, E. V., Howell, L. P., & Green, R. (2019). Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Pathology: The Present Landscape of Supervised Methods. Academic Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1177/2374289519873088
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.