Particle reinforced aluminium and magnesium matrix composites

Abstract

Particle reinforced metal matrix composites are now being produced commerically, and in this paper the current status of these materials is reviewed. The different types of reinforcement being used, together with the alternative processing methods, are discussed. Depending on the initial processing method, different factors have to be taken into consideration to produce a high quality billet. With powder metallurgy processing, the composition of the matrix and the type of reinforcement are independent of one another. However, in molten metal processing they are intimately linked in terms of the different reactivities which occur between reinforcement and matrix in the molten state. The factors controlling the distribution of reinforcement are also dependent on the initial processing method. Secondary fabrication methods, such as extrusion and rolling, are essential in processing composites produced by powder metallurgy, since they are required to consolidate the composite fully. Other methods, such as spray casting, molten metal infiltration, and molten metal mixing give an essentially fully consolidated product directly, but extrusion, etc., can improve the properties by modifying the reinforcement distribution. The mechanical properties obtained in metal matrix composites are dependent on a wide range of factors, and the present understanding, and areas requiring further study, are discussed. The successful commercial production of metal matrix composites will finally depend on their cost effectiveness for different applications. This requires optimum methods of processing, machining, and recycling, and the routes being developed to achieve this are considered.