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Effects of zinc supplementation on efficacy of antidepressant therapy, inflammatory cytokines, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with major depression
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Zinc is found in abundance in the human brain. Patients with depression may have decreased consumption of food sources rich in zinc, and zinc supplementation may have a potential influence on depressive symptoms. However, clinical trials on the effect of zinc supplementation in depression are limited. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of zinc supplementation on efficacy of antidepressant therapy. Furthermore, the effect of zinc on plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor-a (BDNF-a) were assessed. DESIGN: A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of zinc supplementation was conducted in patients with DSM-IV major depression. Forty-four patients of both sexes aged 18-55 years were recruited for this study from a university hospital. The zinc-supplemented group received zinc sulfate (25 mg elemental Zn/day) orally in addition to their selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants for 12 weeks. Symptoms were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) on arrival, weeks 6 and 12. Plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-α and BDNF-a were measured at baseline and at the end of study. RESULTS: Twenty patients in zinc group and 17 patients in placebo groups completed the study. At baseline, there were no significant differences in any variable between the patients allocated to receive placebo and those taking zinc supplement. Zinc supplementation significantly reduced HDRS compared to placebo (P < 0.01 at 12th week). No significant differences were observed in plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and BDNF-a between zinc-supplemented and placebo-supplemented group. CONCLUSION: Zinc supplementation in conjunction with antidepressant drugs might be beneficial for reducing depressive symptoms. However, its effect does not appear to be mediated through impact of zinc on inflammatory processes.
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“A recent meta-analysis, which included nine trials with a total of 4923 participants, concluded that no significant reduction in depression was seen after vitamin D supplementation (45).”
From Effects of zinc, vitamin D, and their co-supplementation on mood, serum cortisol, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with obesity and mild to moderate depressive symptoms: A phase II, 12-wk, 2 × 2 factorial design, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [45]
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References 58 · Cited by 92
Research works printed but not linked: 6
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ranjbar, E., Shams, J., Sabetkasaei, M., M-Shirazi, M., Rashidkhani, B., Mostafavi, A., Bornak, E., & Nasrollahzadeh, J.
- Affiliations
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (IR)
- Shahid Beheshti University (IR)
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Nasrollahzadeh, Javad
- Venue
- Nutritional Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-11-26
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 65-71
- ISSN
- 1028-415X (ISSN-L)
- 1476-8305
- OpenAlex
- W1988237598
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 4.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nutritional Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Center for Neuroscience Research
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- zinc supplementation, major depressive disorder, antidepressant efficacy, interleukin-6, TNF-α, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, inflammatory cytokines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, zinc sulfate, depressive symptoms, neuroinflammation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Major Depressive Disorder, Double-Blind Method, Female, Fluoxetine, Humans, Iran, Male, Middle Aged, Placebos, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Zinc, Citalopram, Interleukin-6, Cytokines, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Dietary Supplements
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