Cited by 23Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationErgonomics and Musculoskeletal DisordersCervical and Thoracic Myelopathy

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Reliability and validity of cervical position measurements in individuals with and without chronic neck pain

Open access

Dunleavy, Kim, Neil, Joseph, Tallon, Allison, Adamo, Diane E.·2015·Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy

DOI 10.1179/2042618614y.0000000070PMC PMC4727731

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The cervical range of motion device (CROM) has been shown to provide reliable forward head position (FHP) measurement when the upper cervical angle (UCA) is controlled. However, measurement without UCA standardization is reflective of habitual patterns. Criterion validity has not been reported. The purposes of this study were to establish: (1) criterion validity of CROM FHP and UCA compared to Optotrak data, (2) relative reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC95) in patients with and without cervical pain, and (3) to compare UCA and FHP in patients with and without pain in habitual postures. METHODS: (1) Within-subjects single session concurrent criterion validity design. Simultaneous CROM and OP measurement was conducted in habitual sitting posture in 16 healthy young adults. (2) Reliability and MDC95 of UCA and FHP were calculated from three trials. (3) Values for adults over 35 years with cervical pain and age-matched healthy controls were compared. RESULTS: (1) Forward head position distances were moderately correlated and UCA angles were highly correlated. The mean (standard deviation) differences can be expected to vary between 1·48 cm (1·74) for FHP and -1·7 (2·46)° for UCA. (2) Reliability for CROM FHP measurements were good to excellent (no pain) and moderate (pain). Cervical range of motion FHP MDC95 was moderately low (no pain), and moderate (pain). Reliability for CROM UCA measurements was excellent and MDC95 low for both groups. There was no difference in FHP distances between the pain and no pain groups, UCA was significantly more extended in the pain group (P<0·05). DISCUSSION: Cervical range of motion FHP measurements were only moderately correlated with Optotrak data, and limits of agreement (LOA) and MDC95 were relatively large. There was also no difference in CROM FHP distance between older symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Cervical range of motion FHP measurement is therefore not recommended as a clinical outcome measure. Cervical range of motion UCA measurements showed good criterion validity, excellent test-retest reliability, and achievable MDC95 in asymptomatic and symptomatic participants. Differences of more than 6° are required to exceed error. Cervical range of motion UCA shows promise as a useful reliable and valid measurement, particularly as patients with cervical pain exhibited significantly more extended angles.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1179/2042618614y.0000000070

Cites

45 of 45 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ASSESSING AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO METHODS OF CLINICAL MEASUREMENT
Martin Bland, J., & Altman, D. (1986) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90837-8 · Cited by 47,965
Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability.
Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.420 · Cited by 24,532
Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice,
(2002) · Survey of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(02)00362-4 · Cited by 9,494
Biomechanics of the cervical spine. I: Normal kinematics
Bogduk, N., & Mercer, S. R. (2000) · Clinical Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/s0268-0033(00)00034-6 · Cited by 659
The relationship between head posture and severity and disability of patients with neck pain
Yip, C. H. T., Chiu, T. T. W., & Poon, A. T. K. (2007) · Manual Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.math.2006.11.002 · Cited by 513
A field comparison of neck and shoulder postures in symptomatic and asymptomatic office workers
Szeto, G. P. Y., Straker, L. M., & Raine, S. (2002) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/s0003-6870(01)00043-6 · Cited by 436
Validity and Between-Day Reliability of the Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) Device
Audette, I., Dumas, J.-P., Côté, J. N., & Serres, S. J. D. (2010) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3180 · Cited by 400
Effect of Neck Exercise on Sitting Posture in Patients With Chronic Neck Pain
Falla, D., Jull, G. A., Russell, T. G., Vicenzino, B., & Hodges, P. W. (2007) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20060009 · Cited by 393
Intrarater Reliability of CROM Measurement of Cervical Spine Active Range of Motion in Persons With and Without Neck Pain
Fletcher, J. P., & Bandy, W. D. (2008) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2008.2680 · Cited by 304
The influence of different sitting postures on head/neck posture and muscle activity
Cañeiro, J. P., O’Sullivan, P., Burnett, A., Barach, A., O'Neil, D. G., Tveit, Ø., & Olafsdottir, K. (2009) · Manual Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.math.2009.06.002 · Cited by 292
Relationships between sagittal postures of thoracic and cervical spine, presence of neck pain, neck pain severity and disability
Lau, K. T., Cheung, K. Y., Chan, K. B., Chan, M. H., Lo, K. Y., & Chiu, T. T. W. (2010) · Manual Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.math.2010.03.009 · Cited by 250
Head Posture and Neck Pain of Chronic Nontraumatic Origin: A Comparison Between Patients and Pain-Free Persons
Silva, A. G., Punt, T. D., Sharples, P., Vilas-Boas, J. P., & Johnson, M. I. (2009) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2008.10.018 · Cited by 246
A comparison of symptomatic and asymptomatic office workers performing monotonous keyboard work—2: Neck and shoulder kinematics
Szeto, G. P. Y., Straker, L. M., & O’Sullivan, P. (2005) · Manual Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.math.2005.01.005 · Cited by 230
Photographic measurement of upper-body sitting posture of high school students: A reliability and validity study
van Niekerk, S.-M., Louw, Q. A., Vaughan, C. L., Grimmer, K. A., & Schreve, K. (2008) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-9-113 · Cited by 189
Video display terminal use and reported health symptoms among Massachusetts clerical workers.
Rossignol, A. M., Ep, M., Vm, S., & Pagnotto, L. D. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 176
Criterion Validity of the Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) Goniometer for Cervical Flexion and Extension
Tousignant, M., de Bellefeuille, L., O’Donoughue, S., & Grahovac, S. Z. (2000) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-200002010-00011 · Cited by 166
Recruitment of the deep cervical flexor muscles during a postural-correction exercise performed in sitting
Falla, D., O’Leary, S. P., Fagan, A., & Jull, G. A. (2006) · Manual Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.math.2006.06.003 · Cited by 152
Clinical methods for quantifying body segment posture: a literature review
Fortin, C., Feldman, D. E., Farida Cheriet, A., & Labelle, H. (2010) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2010.492066 · Cited by 145
Criterion Validity Study of the Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) Device for Rotational Range of Motion on Healthy Adults
Tousignant, M., Smeesters, C., Breton, A.-M., Breton, É., & Corriveau, H. (2006) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2006.36.4.242 · Cited by 143
Video Analysis of Sagittal Spinal Posture in Healthy Young and Older Adults
Kuo, Y., Tully, E. A., & Galea, M. P. (2009) · Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2009.02.002 · Cited by 140
Reliability of the Visual Assessment of Cervical and Lumbar Lordosis: How Good Are We?
Fedorak, C., Ashworth, N. L., Marshall, J., & Paull, H. (2003) · Spine · doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000083281.48923.bd · Cited by 134
The Change in Deep Cervical Flexor Activity After Training Is Associated With the Degree of Pain Reduction in Patients With Chronic Neck Pain
Falla, D., O’Leary, S. P., Farina, D., & Jull, G. A. (2011) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e31823e9378 · Cited by 127
Relationship of Forward Head Posture and Cervical Backward Bending to Neck Pain
Haughie, L. J., Fiebert, I. M., & Roach, K. E. (1995) · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy · doi:10.1179/jmt.1995.3.3.91 · Cited by 118
Reliability of Measuring Forward Head Posture in a Clinical Setting
Garrett, T. R., Youdas, J. W., & Madson, T. J. (1993) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.1993.17.3.155 · Cited by 111
Clinical Measurement of Head and Shoulder Posture Variables
Harrison, A. L., Barry-Greb, T., & Wojtowicz, G. M. (1996) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.1996.23.6.353 · Cited by 103
Validity of the Neck Disability Index and Neck Pain and Disability Scale for measuring disability associated with chronic, non-traumatic neck pain
En, M. C. C., Clair, D. A., & Edmondston, S. J. (2008) · Manual Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.math.2008.07.005 · Cited by 92
Changes in mechanical load and extensor muscle activity in the cervico-thoracic spine induced by sitting posture modification
Edmondston, S. J., Sharp, M. C., Symes, A., Alhabib, N., & Allison, G. T. (2011) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2010.544765 · Cited by 88
Measurement of Cervical Posture in the Sagittal Plane
Grimmer, K. A., Milanese, S., & Louw, Q. A. (2008) · Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.08.005 · Cited by 81
Head-Trunk Coordination During Linear Anterior-Posterior Translations
Keshner, E. A. (2003) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00836.2001 · Cited by 80
Precision and repeatability of the Optotrak 3020 motion measurement system
States, R. A., & Pappas, E. (2006) · Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology · doi:10.1080/03091900512331304556 · Cited by 75
Evaluation of segmental postural characteristics during quiet standing in control and Idiopathic Scoliosis patients
Zabjek, K., Leroux, M. A., Coillard, C., Rivard, C., & Prince, F. (2005) · Clinical Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.01.003 · Cited by 73
Reliability of the Craniocervical Posture Assessment: Visual and Angular Measurements Using Photographs and Radiographs
Gadotti, I. C., Armijo-Olivo, S. L., Silveira, A., & Magee, D. J. (2013) · Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2013.09.002 · Cited by 61
Reliability of the Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) Device and Plumb-Line Techniques in Measuring Resting Head Posture (RHP)
Hickey, E. R., Rondeau, M. J., Corrente, J. R., Abysalh, J., & Seymour, C. J. (2000) · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy · doi:10.1179/106698100790811346 · Cited by 52
Craniocervical Orientation Affects Muscle Activation When Exercising the Cervical Extensors in Healthy Subjects
Elliott, J. M., O’Leary, S. P., Cagnie, B. J., Durbridge, G., Danneels, L. A., & Jull, G. A. (2010) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.05.014 · Cited by 51
Asymmetry in grasp force matching and sense of effort
Adamo, D. E., Scotland, S., & Martin, B. J. (2012) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2991-6 · Cited by 46
Self-citation
Body Posture and Hand Strength of Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder
Shiau, Y., & Chai, H. (1990) · CRANIO® · doi:10.1080/08869634.1990.11678318 · Cited by 41
A comparison of the head and cervical posture between the self‐balanced position and the Frankfurt method
Armijo-Olivo, S. L., JARA, X., Castillo, N. O., Alfonso, L. A., Quezada, A. S., VALENZUELA, E., FRUGONE, R., & Magee, D. J. (2006) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01554.x · Cited by 39
Clinical Assessment Procedures in Physical Therapy
Monroe, J. (1991) · Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly · doi:10.1123/apaq.8.2.178 · Cited by 39
Pain-induced Changes in the Activity of the Cervical Extensor Muscles Evaluated by Muscle Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Cagnie, B. J., O’Leary, S. P., Elliott, J. M., Peeters, I., Parlevliet, T., & Danneels, L. A. (2011) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e31820e11a2 · Cited by 38
Clinical assessment procedures in physical therapy
Palmer, M. L., & Epler, M. (1990) · J.B. Lippincott eBooks · Cited by 37
Reliability and validity of head posture assessment by observation and a four-category scale
Silva, A. G., Punt, T. D., & Johnson, M. I. (2010) · Manual Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.math.2010.05.002 · Cited by 35
The feasibility of a video-based motion analysis system in measuring the segmental movements between upper and lower cervical spine
Wu, S.-K., Lan, H. H.-C., Kuo, L., Tsai, S., Chen, C.-L., & Su, F. (2006) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.07.016 · Cited by 34
Comparison of cervical range of motion in two seated postural conditions in adults 50 or older with cervical pain
Dunleavy, K., & Goldberg, A. (2013) · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy · doi:10.1179/2042618612y.0000000017 · Cited by 30
Self-citation
Head-trunk coordination in elderly subjects during linear anterior-posterior translations
Keshner, E. A. (2004) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-004-1893-2 · Cited by 25
THE ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF METHOD COMPARISON STUDIES IN REHABILITATION RESEARCH
Ottenbacher, K. J., & Stull, G. A. (1993) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00002060-199310000-00003 · Cited by 22

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Gadotti I Armijo-Olivo S Silveira A Magee D. Intra and inter-rater reliability of the craniocervical posture – photogrammetry vs visual assessment. World Conference of Physiotherapy; Amsterdam Netherlands; 2011.

Sorted by citations

The Relationship Between Forward Head Posture and Neck Pain: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Mahmoud, N. F., Hassan, K. A., Abdelmajeed, S. F., Moustafa, I. M., & Silva, A. G. (2019) · Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12178-019-09594-y · Cited by 360
Comparative effectiveness of Pilates and yoga group exercise interventions for chronic mechanical neck pain: quasi-randomised parallel controlled study
Dunleavy, K., Kava, K., Goldberg, A., Malek, M. H., Talley, S. A., Lehr, V. T., & Hildreth, J. (2015) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.physio.2015.06.002 · Cited by 50
Self-citation
Reliability and validity of clinical tests to assess posture, pain location, and cervical spine mobility in adults with neck pain and its associated disorders: Part 4. A systematic review from the cervical assessment and diagnosis research evaluation (CADRE) collaboration
Lemeunier, N., Jeoun, E. B., Suri, M. F. K., Tuff, T., Shearer, H. M., Mior, S. A., Wong, J. J., da Silva-Oolup, S., Torres, P., D’Silva, C., et al. (2018) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2018.09.013 · Cited by 50
Psychometric Proprieties of a Mobile Application to Measure the Craniovertebral Angle a Validation and Reliability Study
Gallego‐Izquierdo, T., Arroba-Díaz, E., García-Ascoz, G., Val-Cano, M. D. A., Pecos‐Martín, D., & Cano‐de‐la‐Cuerda, R. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186521 · Cited by 42
Does forward head posture change subacromial space in active or passive arm elevation?
Dehqan, B., Delkhoush, C. T., Mirmohammadkhani, M., & Ehsani, F. (2020) · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy · doi:10.1080/10669817.2020.1854010 · Cited by 31

See all 23

Authors: Dunleavy, K., Neil, J., Tallon, A., & Adamo, D. E.
Affiliations: Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (US)
United States Navy (US)
Mount Sinai Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Dunleavy, Kim
ORCID: Dunleavy, Kim
Adamo, Diane E.
Venue: Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2014-06-25
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Pages: 188-196
ISSN: 1066-9817 (ISSN-L)
2042-6186
DOI: 10.1179/2042618614y.0000000070
PMC: PMC4727731
OpenAlex: W2022761730
Cited by: 23
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2
FWCI: 0.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cervical and Thoracic Myelopathy
Keywords: chronic neck pain, criterion validity, test-retest reliability, minimal detectable change, measurement error, outcome measures, older adults, limits of agreement, postural stability, postural sway

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Reliability and validity of cervical position measurements in individuals with and without chronic neck pain

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks