Identification of Cellulosic Fibres by FTIR Spectroscopy DIFFERENTIATION OF FLAX AND HEMP BY POLARIZED ATR FTIR
Abstract
The ability to identify accurately natural fibres is of importance to conservators, but this can prove problematic when dealing with fibres which possess similar chemistry and microstructure – the bast fibres flax and hemp are particularly challenging in this regard. Conventional techniques, such as microscopic examination, the measurement of fibre widths and the use of the twist test, will often prove unreliable, especially when dealing with degraded materials. This research has concentrated on the development of an attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic technique employing polarized radiation to differentiate these two fibre types on the basis of the characteristic nature of the winding of their secondary cell walls: while the angle of fibrillar wind is roughly the same for both fibres (∼7°), the senses of wind are opposite – S (anti-clockwise) in the case of flax; Z (clockwise) for hemp. A crystallinity index, derived from the spectra, was found to vary in a systematic manner as the fibres were rotated with respect to the electric vector of the incident radiation. A good correlation between this variation and theoretical models was observed. It was found that the characteristic sense and angle of wind of the fibres could be determined, and thus hemp and flax distinguished.
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The diameters of ultimate fibers are consistent with surveys of Linum fiber widths.
“The diameters of ultimate fibers are consistent with surveys of Linum fiber widths (Catling and Grayson 1982;Garside and Wyeth 2006).”
From Investigating a Dated Piece of the Shroud of Turin (2010) · cites this paper as Garside and Wyeth 2006
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Influential
- Authors
- Garside, P., & Wyeth, P.
- ORCID
- Garside, Paul
- Venue
- Studies in Conservation
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 205-211
- ISSN
- 0039-3630 (ISSN-L)
- 2047-0584
- OpenAlex
- W2080352909
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 3.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Studies in Conservation (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
- Keywords
- flax, hemp, bast fibers, fiber identification, crystallinity index, polarized radiation, natural fibers
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