Cited by 270Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia researchGlobal Cancer Incidence and ScreeningLymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Racial and ethnic differences in survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Open access

Bhatia, Smita, Sather, Harland N., Heerema, Nyla A., Trigg, Michael E., Gaynon, Paul S., Robison, Leslie L.·2002·Blood

DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-02-0395

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Black children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have poor outcomes, but limited information is available for children from other racial and ethnic backgrounds, such as Hispanic and Asian. We undertook a retrospective cohort study of children with ALL treated on Children's Cancer Group therapeutic protocols to determine outcomes by racial and ethnic backgrounds of patients treated with contemporary risk-based therapy. In total, 8447 children (white, n = 6703; Hispanic, n = 1071; black, n = 506; and Asian, n = 167) with newly diagnosed ALL between 1983 and 1995 were observed for a median of 6.5 years. Analysis of disease outcome was measured as overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) and was adjusted for known predictors of outcome including clinical features, disease biology, socioeconomic status, and treatment era (1983-1989 vs 1989-1995). There was a statistically significant difference in survival by ethnicity (P < .001). Five-year EFS rates were: Asian, 75.1% ± 3.5%; white, 72.8% ± 0.6%; Hispanic, 65.9% ± 1.5%; and black, 61.5% ± 2.2%. Multivariate analysis revealed that when compared with white children, black and Hispanic children had worse outcomes and Asian children had better outcomes after adjusting for known risk factors. The poorer outcomes among black children were most apparent among patients with standard-risk features (relative risk [RR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-2.5), whereas poorer outcomes in Hispanic children (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.6) were most evident among patients with high-risk features. Asian children had better outcomes than all racial and ethnic groups among high-risk patients, particularly in the recent era (5-year EFS, 90.9% ± 6.1%). Racial and ethnic differences in OS and EFS persist among children with ALL who receive contemporary risk-based therapy. Future studies should focus on reasons—perhaps compliance or pharmacogenetics—for those differences.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1182/blood-2002-02-0395

Cites

45 of 45 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1992) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_25 · Cited by 45,239
Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452 · Cited by 39,158
SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2003
Ries, L. A. G., Harkins, D., Krapcho, M. F., Mariotto, A. B., Miller, B., Feuer, E. J., Clegg, L. X., Eisner, M. P., Horner, M., Howlader, N., et al. (2006) · Digital Archive @ GSU · Cited by 11,404
Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. II. Analysis and examples
Peto, R., Pike, M. C., Armitage, P., Breslow, N. E., Cox, D. R., Howard, S. V., Mantel, N., McPherson, K., Peto, J., & Smith, P. G. (1977) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1977.1 · Cited by 8,285
Modelling for Survival Data in Medical Research
(1995) · Technometrics · doi:10.1080/00401706.1995.10485920 · Cited by 2,159
Cancer Incidence and Survival among Children and Adolescents: United States SEER Program 1975-1995
(1999) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e407432005-001 · Cited by 1,933
The Increasing Disparity in Mortality between Socioeconomic Groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986
Pappas, G., Queen, S., Hadden, W., & Fisher, G. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199307083290207 · Cited by 1,524
Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research
Collett, D. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-3115-3 · Cited by 1,064
Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research.
McLachlan, G. J., & Collett, D. (1994) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533471 · Cited by 1,023
Uniform approach to risk classification and treatment assignment for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Smith, M. A., Arthur, D., Camitta, B. M., Carroll, A. J., Crist, W., Gaynon, P. S., Gelber, R. D., Heerema, N. A., Korn, E. L., Link, M. P., et al. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1996.14.1.18 · Cited by 892
Self-citation

Show all 47 references

Research works printed but not linked: 8

Reaman, 1984, Racial variation in the frequency of immunological subtypes of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia., Prog Cancer Res Ther., 27, 163
Sather, 1984, Differences in the presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in black children and white children: a report from the Epidemiology Committee of the Children's Cancer Study Group., 179
Falletta, 1984, Clinical and phenotypic features of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia in whites, blacks, and Hispanics: a Pediatric Oncology Group study., Prog Cancer Res Ther., 27, 191
Ries, 1999, SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1973-1996.
Hutchinson, 1996, Should therapy be intensified for patients with good risk ALL [abstract]?, Blood., 88, 668
Lange, 1997, Double delayed intensification improves outcome in moderate risk pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): a Children's Cancer Group study, CCG-1891 [abstract]., Blood., 90, 559
Bostrom, 1998, Dexamethasone (DEX) decreases central nervous system (CNS) relapse and improves event-free survival (EFS) in lower risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) [abstract]., Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol., 17, 527
Kelsey, 1986, Methods in Observational Epidemiology: Retrospective Cohort Studies.

Sorted by citations

Items 201–270 of 270

Longitudinal Patterns of Social Problem-Solving Skills in an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Pediatric Patients with Cancer and their Caregivers
Isaac, E. I., Sivagnanalingam, U., Meisman, A. R., Donewar, C. W., Ewing, L. J., Katz, E. R., Muriel, A. C., & Rohan, J. M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17051581 · Cited by 5
The Genome in a Three-Dimensional Context: Deciphering the Contribution of Noncoding Mutations at Enhancers to Blood Cancer
Rovirosa, L., Ramos-Morales, A., & Javierre, B. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.592087 · Cited by 5
Population Analysis of Pharmacogenetic Polymorphisms Related to Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Drug Treatment
Chiabai, M. A., Lins, T. C. D. L., Pogue, R. E., & Pereira, R. W. (2012) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2012/928940 · Cited by 5
IMPROVED OUTCOME IN SOUTH AFRICAN CHILDREN OF MIXED ETHNICITY TREATED FOR ALL
Dippenaar, A., Wessels, G., & Hesseling, P. B. (2006) · Pediatric Hematology and Oncology · doi:10.1080/08880010600631979 · Cited by 4
Biological diversity variations of pediatric acute leukemia in Brazil: contribution of immunophenotypic profiles to epidemiological studies
Pombo‐de‐Oliveira, M. S., Córdoba, J. C., Alencar, D. M., Campos, M. M., Carriço, M. K., Dobbin, J., Dorea, M. D. F., Ferreira, R., Mendonça, N., & Magalhães, I. Q. (2005) · Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia · doi:10.1590/s1516-84842005000100007 · Cited by 4
Aspectos epidemiológicos, biotipologia e evolução do tratamento da leucemia linfocítica aguda na infância e adolescência no Rio Grande do Sul
Pereira, W. V. (2010) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2010.tde-22092010-144728 · Cited by 4
Effect of American genomic ancestry on severe toxicities in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the Amazon region
Wanderley, A. V., de Moraes, F. C. A., Nunes, G. G. D. C., Pereira, E. E. B., Leitão, L. P. C., de Oliveira, M. B., Tavares, Á. T. M., Pantoja, L. D. C., Khayat, B. C. M., Fernandes, M. R., et al. (2024) · Discover Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12672-024-01014-z · Cited by 3
A comparative effectiveness trial for universal psychosocial screening with the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) across 18 childhood cancer programs in the United States: adoption, penetration, and health equity
Barakat, L. P., Scialla, M. A., Ramaswamy, N. S., Deatrick, J. A., Arasteh, K., Sandler, E. S., Hammer, S. N., & Kazak, A. E. (2026) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-026-01493-4 · Cited by 3
Leucemia linfoblástica aguda hiperdiploide en niños
Verduzco-Rodríguez, L., Verduzco-Aguirre, H. C., & López-Ariza, B. (2012) · Revista de Hematología · Cited by 3
Genetic ancestry, differential gene expression, and survival in pediatric B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Barragan, F., Mills, L. J., Raduski, A. R., Marcotte, E. L., Grinde, K. E., Spector, L. G., & Williams, L. A. (2022) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.5266 · Cited by 3
Diagnosis and Treatment of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Pauly, M. G., & Silverman, L. B. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64263-5_17 · Cited by 3
Host factors and consequence of chemotherapy in pediatric cancer patients
Johnson, L. A., & Ross, J. A. (2008) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.21630 · Cited by 3
Childhood Leukemia
Campana, D., & Pui, C. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06694-8.50105-6 · Cited by 4
Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Liang, D., & Pui, C. (2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470987056.ch33 · Cited by 3
Genetic Ancestry and Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Subtypes and Outcomes in the Genomic Era
Rabin, K. R. (2022) · JAMA Oncology · doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.6785 · Cited by 3
Role of race and ethnicity in survival among children/young adults with relapsed ALL: a Children’s Oncology Group report
Ligon, J. A., Ji, L., Dang, A., Xu, X., Rheingold, S. R., Bhojwani, D., Devidas, M., Kairalla, J. A., Shago, M., Heerema, N. A., et al. (2025) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2025016670 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an update on treatment and Brazilian perspective
Correa, B. T., Silva, G. S. S., Mendes, W. J. S., Soares, L. L., Lima, J. A., Pereira, C. G. S., de Souza, J. V. T., dos Santos, M. E. F., Aleluia, A. C. M., da Guarda, C. C., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1637924 · Cited by 2
Hispanic Ethnicity and the Risk of Pediatric Leukemia Relapse
Amankwah, E. K., & Hale, G. A. (2017) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/0009922817732147 · Cited by 2
Association of race/ethnicity with innate immune tumor microenvironment of children with B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Gilbert, J. R., Sabnis, H. S., Radzievski, R., Doxie, D. B., DeRyckere, D., Castellino, S. M., & Dhodapkar, K. M. (2022) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2022-004774 · Cited by 2
Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos
Ramírez, A. G., & Trapido, E. J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-14436-3 · Cited by 2
Establishing an HSCT Program with Limited Resources
Nassar, A., Srivastava, A., Hashmi, S. K., & Aljurf, M. D. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59358-6_18 · Cited by 2
Evaluation of the survival rate and its related factors in patients with leukemia in Kurdistan Province
Moradi, G., Rasouli, M. A., Fathi, F., Ghaderi, B., Nikkhoo, B., Roshani, D., Moradvaisi, B., & Soltani, J. (2018) · Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences · doi:10.29252/sjku.23.2.12 · Cited by 2
Race as a factor in donor selection and survival of children with hematologic malignancies undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant in Florida
Horn, B. N., Lamba, N., Chellapandian, D., Sunkersett, G., Silva, J. G., Ziga, E. D., Alperstein, W., Joyce, M., Castillo, P., Fort, J. A., et al. (2021) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.29180 · Cited by 2
Childhood Outcome Disparities in Cancer Care
Renner, L. A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71113-9_5-1 · Cited by 2
Survival of Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Organista‐Nava, J., Gómez‐Gómez, Y., Illades‐Aguiar, B., & Antônio, M. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/54261 · Cited by 2
Frequency and types of chromosomal abnormalities in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients in Turkey
Demirhana, O., Tanrıverdia, N., & Süleymanovaa, D. (2019) · Archives of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.17352/2455-5479.000055 · Cited by 2
Poorer outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the Bedouin population: A report from the Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Muenster–based Israeli national protocols
Elhasid, R., Nirel, R., Avigad, S., Avrahami, G., Abramov, A., Attias, D., Arad, N., Ballin, A., Arush, M. W. B., Bielorai, B., et al. (2019) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.28024 · Cited by 2
Associations between race and survival in pediatric patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Khullar, K., Plascak, J. J., Drachtman, R. A., Cole, P. D., & Parikh, R. R. (2021) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.3736 · Cited by 2
Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Rashed, W. M., & Elhadad, A. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15717-2.00004-4 · Cited by 2
Impact of Duffy‐associated neutrophil count on maintenance chemotherapy management in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Zachman, D. K., Bardahl, J. G., Graves, L. A., & Wagner, L. M. (2024) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.31355 · Cited by 1
A Review of the Lived Experiences and Psychosocial and School Outcomes of Latinx Childhood Cancer Survivors With a Focus on Cultural Considerations
Romo, S., Macias, A., Rohan, J. M., Jones, H. A., & Corona, R. (2025) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.31911 · Cited by 1
Daily Symptom Home Monitoring Decreases Hospital Readmissions in Children and Young Adults With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Kenan, R. F. B., Retson, L., Fodor, B., Temkit, M., & Walsh, A. M. (2026) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.71719 · Cited by 1
Cancer Knowledge in Caregivers of Children With Cancer: Associations With Social Determinants of Health
Kumar, N. V., Nataraj, S., Kornher, K., Real, M., Love, B. D., Morales, J., Perdomo, B. P., Thornburg, C. D., & Aristizabal, P. (2026) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/1545-5017.70246 · Cited by 1
Normal Karyotype CALLA-Positive Adult Pre-B ALL: Dismal Outcome With Chemotherapy for Patients With Loss/Gain of ABL1 and/or BCR FISH Signals
Mourad, Y. R. A., Bhargava, R., Bruyèrè, H., Gillian, T., Barnett, M. J., Forrest, D. L., Nevill, T. J., Toze, C. L., Nantel, S. H., & Shepherd, J. D. (2012) · Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma & Leukemia · doi:10.1016/j.clml.2012.09.007 · Cited by 1
Acute and Long-term Neurological Complications of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Therapy in Latino Children
Brown, A. L., Raghubar, K. P., Scheurer, M. E., & Lupo, P. J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-14436-3_4 · Cited by 1
Epidemiology of malignant neoplasms in young children in the Kyrgyz Republic
Макимбетов, Э. К., Talgat, T. U., Sorokin, A. A., Amankulov, A. А., Тиллоев, Т. A., & Mamashov, N. M. (2024) · Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology · doi:10.21682/2311-1267-2024-11-2-54-60 · Cited by 1
The evolution of treatment for pediatric advanced stage classic Hodgkin lymphoma – a narrative literature review
Shariff, N., Foo, J. C., Parsons, S. K., & Hodgson, D. C. (2025) · Leukemia & lymphoma/Leukemia and lymphoma · doi:10.1080/10428194.2025.2531154 · Cited by 1
The impact of social determinants of health on outcomes of brexucabtagene autoleucel in adults with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
O'Connor, T. E., Lin, C., Roloff, G. W., Zhang, A., Miller, K., Aldoss, I. T., Kopmar, N. E., Dekker, S. E., Gupta, V. K., Jeyakumar, N., et al. (2025) · Bone Marrow Transplantation · doi:10.1038/s41409-025-02693-0 · Cited by 1
Treatment of Pediatric B- and T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hogan, L. E., Maese, L. D., August, K. J., & McNeer, J. L. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85147-7_4 · Cited by 1
Leukemia
Zupanec, S., & Tomlinson, D. (2010) · Pediatric oncology · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-87984-8_1 · Cited by 1
Racial and Ethnic Factors in Outcomes of Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Ruiz-Argüelles, G. J. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.21.2541-a
Genetic and epigenetic characterization of pediatric high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Davidsson, J. (2009) · Lund University Publications (Lund University)
Children with Cancer
Estlin, E. J., & Kane, J. R. (2006) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-48007-7_5
The clinical significance of current laboratory and other prognostic indicators in the management of South African children with Precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Schapkaitz, E. (2009) · University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Institutional Repository on DSpace (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg)
Interaction of sex with age at diagnosis and radiation therapy in the survival of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Jobayer, H., & Xie, L. (2014) · Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology · doi:10.5897/jphe2014.0627
Evaluation of Pre–Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) Brain MRI and Neurologic Complications of Pediatric Patients Undergoing HCT for Hematologic Malignancies
Bailey‐Olson, M., Cowan, M. J., Dvorak, C. C., Mueller, S., Owens, A., Wahlstrom, J. T., & Horn, B. N. (2016) · Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1177/1043454216631509
Advances in prognostication and treatment of pediatric acute leukemia
Chaleff, S. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511781292.019
BIDIL: A RACE-TARGETED DRUG FOR BLACK AMERICAN’S ONLY
Talniya, N. C. (2017) · Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research · doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.20022
Inequalities by Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Position in the Incidence and Survival of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the United States
Wang, L. (2015) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3cn6z72s
Racial Differences in Rates of Traumatic Lumbar Puncture
Vachon, G. C. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.5.548
Treatment-related Complications in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results of Medical Research Council UKALL X
Shahverdi, E., Karami, P., Tavakoli, F., Maki, M., Moazzami, M., Feizi, F., Salamati, P., Lotfipour, A., & Ehsani, M. A. (2020) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.30476/mejc.2019.81253.0
Frecuencia de cromosoma Filadelfia en niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda
Hernández-Alcaraz, M., & Dueñas-Arias, J. E. (2020) · Revista Mexicana de Pediatría · doi:10.35366/97170
Racial Differences in Rates of Traumatic Lumbar Puncture—Reply
Howard, S. C., de Armendi, A. J., & Pui, C. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.5.548-b
Current Awareness in Hematological Oncology
(2003) · Hematological Oncology · doi:10.1002/hon.706
Prognostic value of CD20 antigen mediated immune checkpoint inhibition in patients with acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Mkhwanazi, Z. A., Mfusi, S. A., & Nkambule, B. B. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000028868
T-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia: The Johannesburg state-sector experience
Vaughan, J., Wiggill, T. M., Willem, P., & Hodkinson, K. E. (2022) · South African Journal of Oncology · doi:10.4102/sajo.v6i0.229
Perfiles de expresión génica en pacientes adultos con LLA-B de acuerdo a la respuesta al tratamiento quimioterapéutico y su asociación con el inmunofenotipo y las características clínicas de la enfermedad
Rodríguez, N. C. (2020) · doi:10.11144/javeriana.10554.38513
Breastfeeding and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a middle-income country: a Mexican perspective
Mancías‐Guerra, C., Nuño-Vázquez, L., Gutiérrez‐Aguirre, C. H., Cantú‐Rodríguez, O. G., Fierro-Sáenz, S., Velasco-Ruiz, I., Colunga‐Pedraza, J. E., Jimenez-Antolinez, Y. V., & González‐Llano, Ó. (2023) · Medicina Universitaria · doi:10.24875/rmu.22000077
Causal Mediation Analysis for Childhood Cancer Survival Disparity in Texas, 2005 to 2014
Morshed, N., Russell, W., & Benjamin Zhan, F. (2024) · Journal of Community Medicine and Health Solutions · doi:10.29328/journal.jcmhs.1001044
Healthcare utilization disparities among children with high‐risk neuroblastoma treated on Children's Oncology Group clinical trials
Shoag, J. M., Li, Y., Getz, K., Huang, Y.-S. V., Hall, M., Naranjo, A. H., Richardson, T., Desai, A. V., Umaretiya, P. J., Aziz‐Bose, R., et al. (2024) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.31192
Childhood Outcome Disparities in Cancer Care
Renner, L. A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-76882-8_5
Unequal Paths to Cure: Addressing Treatment Challenges and Outcomes in Immigrant Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Algiraigri, A. H. (2025) · Journal of Applied Hematology · doi:10.4103/joah.joah_74_25
Evaluation of the Treatment of Childhood Cancers after Five Years of Activity by the Oncology Unit in Bangui
Palet, J. E. K. K., Nguinzanemou, C. J. K., Kango, S. C., Anguize, B., Tou, R. R. E. G. Y. Z., Bangue, M. C. N., Ouaïmon, D. S., Maka, E. T. E., Mejiozem, O. B. B., Yanza, M. C. A. S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cancer Therapy · doi:10.4236/jct.2025.1610028
FIGURE 2 in On four new canopy spiders of Dictynidae (Araneae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China
Zhang, Z.-S., & Li, S. (2011) · INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.201344
Additional file 1 of Factors that contribute to disparities in time to acute leukemia diagnosis in young people: an in depth qualitative interview study
Ding, L., Szymczak, J. E., Evans, E., Canepa, E., Martin, A. E., Contractor, F., Aplenc, R., Joseph, G., & Winestone, L. E. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19759449
A meta-analysis and expression profiling of DNA repair gene polymorphisms in leukemia
Ye, H., Fang, J., & Jin, P. (2026) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1777198
Leukemia mortality analysis in the pediatric population in São Paulo state, Brazil, 2000–2019
dos Reis, D. T., Silvestri, E. F., Oliveira, E. J. F., Chiedde, M., Santos, E. F. D. S., Macedo, H., Koike, M. K., & Calderon, M. G. (2026) · Leukemia & lymphoma/Leukemia and lymphoma · doi:10.1080/10428194.2026.2691908
From ANC Oscillations Towards an Improved Childhood ALL Maintenance Therapy
Säger, S., Gebhard, A., Metzler, M., Rauh, M., Schmiegelow, K., Toksvang, L. N., & Zierk, J. (2026) · Quantitative Medicine · doi:10.70534/qm-2026-0010
Pediatric Oncology Clinical Trial Participation Among Families From Historically Marginalized Groups
Umaretiya, P. J., Paul, M. A., Valenzuela, A., Hawkins, A., Revette, A. C., Nava‐Coulter, B., Eche, I. J., Snaman, J. M., Aziz‐Bose, R., Kelly, C. A., et al. (2026) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.26538
OPTIMIZATION OF TREATMENT OF ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA AT TEENAGERS IN AZERBAIJAN
Багиров, И. A., Острого, О. Л., Лейкоза, Л., Подростков, У., Азербайджане, В., & И.A, Б. (2013) · CyberLeninK (CyberLeninka)

Authors: Bhatia, S., Sather, H. N., Heerema, N. A., Trigg, M. E., Gaynon, P. S., & Robison, L. L.
Affiliations: University of Southern California (US)
Corresponding author: Bhatia, Smita
ORCID: Bhatia, Smita
Gaynon, Paul S.
Robison, Leslie L.
Venue: Blood
Publisher: American Society of Hematology
Published: 2002-09-15
Volume: 100
Issue: 6
Pages: 1957-1964
ISSN: 0006-4971 (ISSN-L)
1528-0020
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-02-0395
OpenAlex: W1995246501
Cited by: 270
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 8.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Blood (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Cancer Institute (U10CA013539, 5U10 CA 13539-2652)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, racial disparities, ethnic differences, children, overall survival, event-free survival, Hispanic children, Black children, Asian children, socioeconomic status, pharmacogenetics, medication adherence
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Chromosome Aberrations, Ethnicity, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Male, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Social Class, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Disease-Free Survival, Racial Groups, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Racial and ethnic differences in survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks