Interleukin-6 is a prognostic factor in multiple myeloma [letter] [see comments]
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Serum IL-6 levels are increased and correlate with the poor prognosis of multiple myeloma patients.
“In addition, serum IL-6 levels are increased and correlate with the poor prognosis of multiple myeloma patients (235).”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [235]
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“In addition, serum IL-6 levels are increased and correlate with the poor prognosis of multiple myeloma patients (235).”
BackgroundThe soluble interleukin 6 receptor: mechanisms of production and implications in disease
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“Indeed, levels of IL-6 are significantly elevated in patients suffering from this condition (148).”
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Dendritic cells are functionally defective in multiple myeloma: the role of interleukin-6
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Inflammation and Cancer: How Friendly Is the Relationship For Cancer Patients?
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The potential and controversy of targeting STAT family members in cancer
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Interleukin‐6 and its receptor in cancer: Implications for Translational Therapeutics
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“Patients who have advanced-stage disease (stage II/III), compared with patients who have stage I disease or disease in a plateau stage, have significantly higher levels of IL-6.”
BackgroundInfluentialBone Marrow Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma Progression
Manier, S., Sacco, A., Leleu, X., Ghobrial, I., & Roccaro, A. (2012) · Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology · doi:10.1155/2012/157496 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
“Clinically, elevated serum IL-6 levels are associated with a poor prognosis and reflect the proliferation fraction of MM cells within patients [35].”
BackgroundC-reactive protein and beta-2 microglobulin produce a simple and powerful myeloma staging system.
Bataille, R., Boccadoro, M., Klein, B., Durie, B., & Pileri, A. (1992) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v80.3.733.bloodjournal803733 · Cited by 324
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“45 (0-110) Median follow-up of survivors (mo) 30 (1-40) No.”
InfluentialInterleukin-6 Interweaves the Bone Marrow Microenvironment, Bone Loss, and Multiple Myeloma
Harmer, D., Falank, C., & Reagan, M. R. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00788 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
“7 months in those with lower levels (85).”
BackgroundChauhan, D., Kharbanda, S., Ogata, A., Urashima, M., Teoh, G., Robertson, M., Kufe, D., & Anderson, K. C. (1997) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v89.1.227.227_227_234 · Cited by 300
Biologic effects of anti-interleukin-6 murine monoclonal antibody in advanced multiple myeloma.
Bataille, R., Barlogie, B., Lu, Z.-Y., Rossi, J.-F., Lavabre‐Bertrand, T., Beck, T., Wijdenes, J., Brochier, J., & Klein, B. (1995) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v86.2.685.bloodjournal862685 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
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Cytokines in pancreatic carcinoma
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Serum interleukin-6 levels correlate with prognosis in diffuse large-cell lymphoma
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Elevated serum interleukin-6 levels in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Okada, S., Okusaka, T., Ishii, H., Kyogoku, A., Yoshimori, M., Kajimura, N., Yamaguchi, K., & Kakizoe, T. (1998) · Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1093/jjco/28.1.12 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
The Clinical Usefulness of the Measurement of Cytokines
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Intracellular survival pathways in the liver
Luedde, T., & Trautwein, C. (2006) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2006.01366.x · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“In humans, there is strong evidence that IL-6 is directly involved in the pathogenesis of different diseases, including multiple myeloma and congestive heart disease (114, 115).”
BackgroundInterleukin-6 promotes multiple myeloma cell growth via phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein
Urashima, M., Ogata, A., Chauhan, D., Vídriales, M., Teoh, G. K. H., Hoshi, Y., Schlossman, R., DeCaprio, J. A., & Anderson, K. C. (1996) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v88.6.2219.bloodjournal8862219 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Cytokines involved in the progression of multiple myeloma
Merico, F., Bergui, L., Gregoretti, M., Ghia, P., Aimo, G., Lindley, I., & Caligaris-cappio, F. (1993) · Clinical and Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb05943.x · Cited by 101
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A STAT3-based gene signature stratifies glioma patients for targeted therapy
Tan, M. S. Y., Sandanaraj, E., Chong, Y. K., Lim, S. W., Koh, L., Ng, W. H., Tan, N. S., Tan, P. B. O., Ang, B. T., & Tang, C. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11614-x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
TPL2 kinase regulates the inflammatory milieu of the myeloma niche
Hope, C. L., Ollar, S. J., Héninger, E., Hebron, E., Jensen, J. L., Kim, J., Maroulakou, I. G., Miyamoto, S., Leith, C. P., Yang, D. T., et al. (2014) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2014-02-554071 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“Plasma levels of IL-6 in myeloma patients correlate with disease burden and have prognostic significance.(90) Widespread ectopic expression of IL-6 in mice leads to plasma cell hyperplasia with eventual development of plasma cell tumors.”
BackgroundInterleukin‐1 in multiple myeloma: producer cells and their role in the control of IL‐6 production
Costes, V., Portier, M., Lu, Z.-Y., Rossi, J., Bataille, R., & Klein, B. (1998) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.01101.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“…relevant, since several studies have shown that patients with overproduction of IL-6 and high serum CRP levels are poor responders to conventional chemotherapy or to high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (Ludwig et al, 1991; Bataille et al, 1992; Vesole et al, 1996).”
BackgroundSoluble interleukin‐6 receptor as a prognostic factor in multiple myeloma
Pulkki, K., Pelliniemi, T., Rajamäki, A., Tienhaara, A., Laakso, M., & Lahtinen, R. (1996) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1470.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“High serum level of IL-6, an important growth factor for myeloma cells, is a predictor of poor prognosis in MM (Pelliniemi et al, 1995; Bataille et al, 1989; Ludwig et al, 1991).”
BackgroundHoejberg, L., Bastholt, L., & Schmidt, H. (2012) · Melanoma Research · doi:10.1097/cmr.0b013e3283543d72 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Mahtouk, K., Moreaux, J., Hose, D., Reme, T. X., Meißner, T., Jourdan, M., Rossi, J. F., Pals, S. T., Goldschmidt, H., & Klein, B. (2010) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/1471-2407-10-198 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Formation of the Pre-Metastatic Niche
Li, R., Wen, A., & Lin, J. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12123752 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Prognostic evaluation in multiple myeloma: an analysis of the impact of new prognostic factors
Turesson, Abildgaard, Ahlgren, Dahl, Holmberg, Hjorth, Nielsen, Odén, Seidel, Waage, et al. (1999) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01651.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“These include serum levels of interleukin 6 (Ludwig et al, 1991; Klein et al, 1995; Pelliniemi et al, 1995) and soluble interleukin-6-receptor (Pulkki et al, 1996), percentage of circulating plasma cells (Witzig et al, 1996) and karyotype abnormalities (Barlogie et al, 1985; Tricot et al, 1995).”
BackgroundResultMelanoma Plasticity: Promoter of Metastasis and Resistance to Therapy
Huang, F., Santinon, F., González, R. E. F., & Rincon, S. V. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.756001 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
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Abildgaard, N., Bentzen, S., Nielsen, J. L., & Heickendorff, L. (1997) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.8672495.x · Cited by 62
“IL-6 in serum has, in most studies, been shown to correlate with myeloma severity (Bataille et al, 1989b; Ludwig et al, 1991).”
ResultAnti-CD40 antibody binding modulates human multiple myeloma clonogenicity in vitro.
Tong, A. W., Zhang, B., Mues, G., Solano, M., Hanson, T., & Stone, M. J. (1994) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v84.9.3026.bloodjournal8493026 · Cited by 54
Nouri, Z., Choi, S. W., Choi, I. J., Ryu, K. W., Woo, S. M., Park, S., Lee, W. J., Choi, W., Jung, Y., Myung, S., et al. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15112898 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Circulating IL‐6‐type cytokines and sIL‐6R in patients with multiple myeloma
Wierzbowska, A., Urbańska-ryś, H., & Robak, T. (1999) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1999.01350.x · Cited by 52
“IL-6 is found in high levels in the BM and in smaller amounts in the serum of MM patients with active disease (Bataille et al, 1989; Klein et al, 1989; Ludwig et al, 1991).”
BackgroundLin, W. W., Yi, Z., Stunz, L. L., Maine, C. J., Sherman, L. A., & Bishop, G. A. (2015) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.aaa5157 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Increased serum concentrations of IL-6 are frequently found in multiple myeloma patients and correlate with a poor prognosis (22).”
BackgroundTienhaara, A., Pulkki, K., Mattila, K., Irjala, K., & Pelliniemi, T. (1994) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1994.tb04748.x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Acute phase proteins and prognosis in multiple myeloma
Merlini, G., Perfetti, V., Gobbi, P. G., Quaglini, S., Franciotta, D., Marinone, G., & Ascari, E. (1993) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1993.tb04696.x · Cited by 49
Serum levels of IL‐6 and its soluble receptor (sIL‐6R) in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
Hatzimichael, E., Christou, L., Bai, M., Kolios, G., Kefala, L., & Bourantas, K. (2001) · European Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0609.2001.00152.x · Cited by 48
“Some investigators have linked increased IL-6 levels with poor prognosis and disease severity in MM patients (21, 22), while others failed to establish such a relationship (23).”
BackgroundSati, H. I., Apperley, J., Greaves, M., Lawry, J., Gooding, R., Russell, R., & Croucher, P. (1998) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00687.x · Cited by 46
“The importance of IL-6 is further supported by the demonstration that serum IL-6 concentrations may be correlated with tumour cell mass, disease stage and prognosis in patients with MM (Solary et al, 1992; Ludwig et al, 1991; Pelliniemi et al, 1995).”
BackgroundGu, J., Huang, X., Zhang, Y., Bao, C., Zhou, Z.-Y., & Jin, J. (2020) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155358 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Tissue-resident macrophages promote early dissemination of multiple myeloma via IL-6 and TNFα
Akhmetzyanova, I., Aaron, T., Galbo, P., Tikhonova, A., Dolgalev, I., Tanaka, M., Aifantis, I., Zheng, D., Zang, X., & Fooksman, D. (2021) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005327 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Reduced body fat and increased hepatic lipid synthesis in mice bearing interleukin-6-secreting tumor
Metzger, S., Hassin, T., Barash, V., Pappo, O., & Chajek‐Shaul, T. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.5.e957 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“, renal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, lung cancer, ovarian carcinoma, and multiple myeloma (23, 28, 33).”
BackgroundCancer as a Homeostatic Challenge: The Role of the Hypothalamus
Francis, N., & Borniger, J. C. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2021.08.008 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
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“[6, 7] Despite the fact that it is repeatedly shown that IL-6 is important in MM cell survival both in vitro and in vivo , treatment blocking IL-6 signaling has so far not proven to be an efficient approach.”
Preclinical development of CD126 CAR-T cells with broad antitumor activity
Mishra, A. K., Kemler, I., & Dingli, D. (2021) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41408-020-00405-z · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Mesenchymal stromal cell senescence in haematological malignancies
Plakhova, N., Panagopoulos, V., Vandyke, K., Zannettino, A. C. W., & Mrozik, K. M. (2023) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-022-10069-9 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“For example, elevated serum levels of IL-6 and GDF15 are associated with significantly shorter overall survival times in newly diagnosed MM patients [140, 142, 151].”
BackgroundPortier, M., Zhang, X.-G., Caron, E., Lu, Z.-Y., Bataille, R., & Klein, B. (1993) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v81.11.3076.3076 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
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“Excess production is associated with a number of pathological conditions including multiple myeloma (Ludwig et al, 1991).”
BackgroundCytokine and Chemokine Profile in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib
Robak, P., Węgłowska, E., Dróżdż, I., Mikulski, D., Jarych, D., Ferlińska, M., Wawrzyniak, E., Misiewicz, M., Smolewski, P., Fendler, W., et al. (2020) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2020/1835836 · Cited by 25
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“…report not only significantly shorter survival for those with higher concentrations of IL-6 compared with patients who had normal concentrations (Ludwig et al, 1991; Pulkki et al, 1996; Papadaki et al, 1997; Stasi et al, 1998), but also demonstrate a strong positive correlation between IL-6 and…”
BackgroundZhang, X., Wang, J., Lu, J., Su, L., Wang, C., Huang, Y., Zhang, X., & Zhu, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.689626 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Bifidobacterium boosts anti-PD-1 effectiveness through JAK pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
Huo, R., Xu, Q.-G., You, Y., Chen, Y., Su, G.-J., Yang, K.-R., Xiao, Y.-P., Zhong, X., Li, Y.-J., Sun, P., et al. (2025) · npj Precision Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41698-025-00960-3 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Studies have revealed that the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway drives tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis while suppressing anti-tumor immune responses, often correlating with poor patient prognosis 49 – 52 .”
Mughal, T. I., Girnius, S. K., Rosen, S. T., Kumar, S. K., Wiestner, A. U., Abdel-Wahab, O. I., Kiladjian, J., Wilson, W. H., & Etten, R. A. V. (2013) · Leukemia & lymphoma/Leukemia and lymphoma · doi:10.3109/10428194.2013.863307 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
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“Similar to VEGF, IL-6 levels were also shown to correlate with disease severity and patient survival (Bataille et al, 1989; Ludwig et al, 1991).”
BackgroundHalgren, R., Traynor, A., Pillay, S., Zell, J., Heller, K. F., Krett, N., & Rosen, S. T. (1998) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v92.8.2893.420k01_2893_2898 · Cited by 19
Desmoglein‐2 expression is an independent predictor of poor prognosis patients with multiple myeloma
Ebert, L. M., Vandyke, K., Johan, M., DeNichilo, M., Tan, L. Y., Min, K. K. M., Weimann, B. M., Ebert, B. W., Pitson, S., Zannettino, A., et al. (2021) · Molecular Oncology · doi:10.1002/1878-0261.13055 · Cited by 18
Schaar, Kaiser, Snijder, Ong, Hermans, Franck, & Kluin-Nelemans (1999) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01669.x · Cited by 17
“As far as the prognostic role of serum IL-6 in MM is concerned, we are in agreement with Kyrtsonis et al (1996) and could not demonstrate the usefulness of serum IL-6 as a prognostic factor, in contrast with others (Ludwig et al, 1991; Tienhaara et al, 1994; Pellieniemi et al, 1995).”
MethodResultLei, R., Arain, H., Obaid, M., Sabhnani, N., & Mohan, C. (2022) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios12090756 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
CCDC68 Upregulation by IL-6 Promotes Endometrial Carcinoma Progression
Li, X.-Q., Li, H., Pei, X.-T., Zhou, Y., & Wei, Z.-L. (2021) · Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research · doi:10.1089/jir.2020.0193 · Cited by 14
Zhang, J., Miao, X., Wu, T., Jia, J., & Cheng, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2021.751842 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“…pathway plays a key role in the growth and development ofmany human cancers (Johnson et al., 2018), and elevated IL-6 levels stimulate the overactivation of JAK/STAT3 signaling, which is usually related to poor patient outcomes (Ludwig et al., 1991; Kusaba et al., 2006; Chen et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSerum oncostatin M in multiple myeloma: impact on disease severity and prognosis
Koskela, K., Pelliniemi, T., Rajamäki, A., Pulkki, K., & Remes, K. (2000) · European Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0609.2000.90167.x · Cited by 11
Shannon, E., Sandoval, F., Greig, N., & Stagg, P. (2012) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2011.12.023 · Cited by 10
Recent progress in multiple myeloma
Moscinski, L. C., & Ballester, O. F. (1994) · Hematological Oncology · doi:10.1002/hon.2900120303 · Cited by 10
COVID-19 vs. Cancer Immunosurveillance: A Game of Thrones within an Inflamed Microenviroment
Liapis, I., & Baritaki, S. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14174330 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Wang, P., Wu, Y., Yang, C., Zhao, G.-A., Liu, Y.-H., Cheng, G., & Wang, S.-B. (2020) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s209312 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bandgar, B., Hote, B. S., Gangwal, R., & Sangamwar, A. (2011) · Medicinal Chemistry Research · doi:10.1007/s00044-011-9856-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“IL-6 overproduction also plays an important pathological role in several neoplasms, including high grade multiple myelomas (Ludwig et al., 1991) and malignant mesotheliomas (Nakano et al., 1998).”
BackgroundInterleukin-6-producing undifferentiated thymic carcinoma with neuroendocrine features.
Suzuki, M., Shinagawa, N., Oizumi, S., Fugo, K., & Nishimura, M. (2009) · Lung Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.07.018 · Cited by 7
“[3] Ludwig H, Nachbaur DM, Fritz E, Krainer M, Huber H.”
BackgroundBioassay vs. immunoassay for quantification of interleukin‐6 in biological fluids
Papadopoulos, N. G., Dedoussis, G. V. Z., Baxevanis, C., & Papamichail, M. (1995) · Journal of clinical laboratory analysis (Print) · doi:10.1002/jcla.1860090404 · Cited by 7
Ștefan, G., Cinca, S., Chiriac, C., Zugravu, A., & Stancu, S. (2023) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina59071326 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Furthermore, IL-6 can have a catabolic effect, promoting muscle wasting and inhibiting albumin synthesis, exacerbating malnutrition in MM patients [27,28].”
BackgroundFrom cell biology to therapy: ENMD-2076 in the treatment of multiple myeloma
Zhang, S., & Farag, S. S. (2011) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543784.2011.584869 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“survival and proliferative factor for MM cells, and its serum levels have correlated with poor prognosis and higher tumor cell mass in some studies [29,30].”
BackgroundThe treatment of multiple myeloma--an important MRC trial.
Johnson, P., & Selby, P. J. (1994) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1994.399 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wang, G.-R., Xu, G.-R., Fan, Y., Wang, G.-Z., Xu, J.-C., Zhang, N., Chen, J., Chen, H.-J., Li, Z., Cao, X.-W., et al. (2025) · Oncogenesis · doi:10.1038/s41389-025-00556-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
SERUM IL‐6 CONCENTRATIONS IN LYMPHOMAS
Denizot, Y., Fixe, P., Liozon, E., Brigaudeau, C., & Praloran, V. (1995) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1995.tb05612.x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
STK32C activated IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling and promoted tumor angiogenesis
Zhang, X., Jin, M.-X., Chu, Y., Liu, F.-J., Qu, H., & Chen, C. (2025) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-025-03245-5 · Cited by 3
“In cancer pathogenesis, elevated IL-6 levels drive the hyperactivation of JAK/STAT3 signalling, which is frequently linked to unfavourable patient outcomes [6 – 9].”
Kosmaczewska, A., Masternak, A., & Kosciow, K. (2013) · OA Immunology · doi:10.13172/2052-9295-1-1-1018 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hall, P., Self, S., & Hall, R. (1997) · Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1997.tb03706.x · Cited by 2
Weng, H., Ting, H.-K., Wang, H.-H., Peng, T.-J., Tang, S.-J., & Sun, K.-H. (2026) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-026-07943-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Consistent with its multifaceted role, IL-6 expression is strongly associated with disease progression across various malignancies, including BLCA [16–18].”
Wang, W.-J., Zhang, N., Chen, B.-C., Chen, Z.-J., Zeng, G.-H., & Luo, T. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aeg8852
“Elevated IL-6 and constitutive STAT3 activation frequently correlate with poor prognosis in hematopoietic and solid tumors ( 55 – 57 ).”
Diet and risk of multiple myeloma: findings from a case–control study
Cheah, S., Hodge, A. M., Bassett, J., Afshar, N., Bruinsma, F., Cozen, W., Harrison, S. J., Jayasekara, H., Prince, H., Doo, N. W., et al. (2026) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114526107156
“C-reactive protein is a well-known inflammatory marker which has been associated with MM prognosis (7) , IL-6 is an inflammatory cytokine and a reported growth factor for MM cells which has been reported to be associated with adverse outcomes in MM patients (10) .”
Zhang, X., Yang, J., Chen, S., Liu, C., Wang, Z., Ren, H., & Zhou, L. (2022) · Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis · doi:10.1007/s11239-022-02653-1
“IL-6 was also reported to promote the growth of myeloma cells and to stimulate bone destruction in MM [23, 24], while increased IL-6 levels were previously identified to be a prognostic factor for poor outcome in MM [25, 26]; Table 3 Baseline demographics and characteristics of MM patients with pre-existing hypertensi…”
BackgroundPrecision oncology : oncogenic stat3 signalling in brain tumours
Tan, M. S. Y. (2019) · doi:10.32657/10220/49094
“In the pathogenesis of cancer, elevation of IL-6 stimulates JAK/STAT3 hyperactivation, commonly associated with poorer prognosis (Chen et al., 2013; Kusaba et al., 2006; Ludwig et al., 1991; Macha et al., 2011).”
BackgroundBarton, B. E., Cullison, J., Jackson, J., & Murphy, T. F. (2000) · doi:10.1177/153537020022300212
LABORATORY CHARACTERIZATION OF MALIGNANCIES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Janik, J., & Longo, D. (1994) · Immunology and allergy clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8561(22)00776-7
Vascular and Stromal Contributions to Tumor Bone-Homing: Focus on Multiple Myeloma
Federico, C., Sacco, A., Belotti, A., Ribolla, R., Cancelli, V., Giacomini, A., Ronca, R., Chiarini, M., Imberti, L., Marini, M., et al. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11240-1
- Authors
- Ludwig, H., Nachbaur, D., Fritz, E., Krainer, M., & Huber, H.
- ORCID
- Krainer, M
- Venue
- Blood
- Publisher
- American Society of Hematology
- Published
- 1991-06-15
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2794-2795
- ISSN
- 0006-4971 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-0020
- OpenAlex
- W2463972652
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Blood (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Keywords
- interleukin-6, multiple myeloma, prognostic factors, survival
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Multiple Myeloma, Prognosis, Interleukin-6
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