T-helper cell type-2 regulation in allergic disease
Open accessAbstract
Substantial experimental evidence now supports the notion that allergic diseases are characterised by a skewing of the immune system towards a T-helper cell type-2 (Th2) phenotype. Studies using both human and mouse model systems have provided key evidence for the role that Th2 cytokines play in driving many of the hallmarks of allergic inflammation. Furthermore, the signalling pathways by which Th2 cytokines exert their effects on airway target cells are rapidly being elucidated, and antagonists of the Th2 pathway are under active development. In this review, the current knowledge of the role of T-helper cell type-2 cells in asthma is summarised, focusing on how and where T-helper cell type-2 cells differentiate from naïve precursors. The signalling molecules and transcription factors involved in T-helper cell type-2 differentiation will be reviewed in detail, in an attempt to translate studies using genetically modified mice into meaningful insights about asthma and other allergic diseases.
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Cytokines can antagonize each other's effects.
“Cytokines can also antagonize each other's effects.”
From Cytokine Research in Depression: Principles, Challenges, and Open Questions (2019) · cites this paper as [56]
Cytokine signaling often shows redundancy, synergy, antagonistic effects, or signaling cascades.
“As cytokine signaling often shows redundancy (53–55), synergy (47), antagonistic effects (56–59) or signaling cascades (60), it seems advisable to take all cytokines that work together or against each other into account and thus measure a whole range instead of a single cytokine.”
From Cytokine Research in Depression: Principles, Challenges, and Open Questions (2019) · cites this paper as [56]
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References 247 · Cited by 181
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- Authors
- Georas, S. N., Guo, J., De Fanis, U., & Casolaro, V.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- European Respiratory Journal
- Publisher
- European Respiratory Society (ERS)
- Published
- 2005-12
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1119-1137
- ISSN
- 0903-1936 (ISSN-L)
- 1399-3003
- OpenAlex
- W2021497228
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 247
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Respiratory Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Keywords
- Th2 cells, allergic diseases, asthma, Th2 cytokines, Th2 differentiation, transcription factors, signaling pathways, airway inflammation, naive T cells
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Asthma, Cell Differentiation, Dendritic Cells, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Molecular Biology, Prognosis, Species Specificity, Signal Transduction, Th2 Cells, Mice
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