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A holistic approach to chronic pain management that involves all stakeholders: change is needed
Open accessAbstract
Chronic pain affects a large proportion of the population, imposing significant individual distress and a considerable burden on society, yet treatment is not always instituted and/or adequate. Comprehensive multidisciplinary management based on the biopsychosocial model of pain has been shown to be clinically effective and cost-efficient, but is not widely available. A literature review of stakeholder groups revealed many reasons for this, including: i) many patients believe healthcare professionals lack relevant knowledge, and consultations are rushed, ii) general practitioners consider that pain management has a low priority and is under-resourced, iii) pain specialists cite non-adherence to evidence-based treatment, sub-optimal prescribing, and chronic pain not being regarded as a disease in its own right, iv) nurses', pharmacists' and physiotherapists' skills are not fully utilized, and v) psychological therapy is employed infrequently and often too late. Many of the issues relating to physicians could be addressed by improving medical training, both at undergraduate and postgraduate levels - for example, by making pain medicine a compulsory core subject of the undergraduate medical curriculum. This would improve physician/patient communication, increase the use of standardized pain assessment tools, and allow more patients to participate in treatment decisions. Patient care would also benefit from improved training for other multidisciplinary team members; for example, nurses could provide counseling and follow-up support, psychologists offer coping skills training, and physiotherapists have a greater role in rehabilitation. Equally important measures include the widespread adoption of a patient-centered approach, chronic pain being recognized as a disease in its own right, and the development of universal guidelines for managing chronic non-cancer pain. Perhaps the greatest barrier to improvement is lack of political will at both national and international level. Some powerful initiatives and collaborations are currently lobbying policy-making bodies to raise standards and reduce unnecessary pain - it is vital they continue.
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“Given the complexity of chronic pain and living with chronic pain, a multidisciplinary treatment approach for pain management, aimed at supporting people in coping with physiological as well as psychological challenges, is recommended [2,6,7].”
From Short-Term Findings From Testing EPIO, a Digital Self-Management Program for People Living With Chronic Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [7]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Regrettably, such evidence-based in-person psychological treatments are not always offered or accessible [7,14]”
From Short-Term Findings From Testing EPIO, a Digital Self-Management Program for People Living With Chronic Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [7]
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In the citing paper
“Treatment strategies, which are regarded as clinically effective and cost efficient, tend to be multidisciplinary and are based on the biopsychosocial model of pain (Gatchel et al., 2007), acknowledging psychological risk factors (Nicholas et al., 2011) and offering holistic approaches to multimodal pain management (Kress et al., 2015).”
From The Development of Mindful-Based Dance Movement Therapy Intervention for Chronic Pain: A Pilot Study With Chronic Headache Patients (2021) · cites this paper as Kress et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“Unfortunately, such individual or group in-person psychosocial interventions are not always an option for patients living with chronic pain [15].”
From Digital Self-Management in Support of Patients Living With Chronic Pain: Feasibility Pilot Study (2020) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Content development [26] was based on well-known evidence-based aspects from CBT, with some integrated aspects of ACT, focusing on self-management and coping for patients living with chronic pain in general [7,11,15,30,41,42].”
From Digital Self-Management in Support of Patients Living With Chronic Pain: Feasibility Pilot Study (2020) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Given this complexity, chronic pain can also be perceived as unavoidable, unmanageable, and challenging to disengage from [5].”
In the citing paper
“Unfortunately, such in-person interventions are not always offered or available [5], and multiple barriers to attendance may be present for people living with chronic pain conditions.”
In the citing paper
“Researchers have made recommendations for utilization of a more user-centered design approach, ideally involving all stakeholders (eg, patients, health care providers and caregivers, pain and eHealth researchers, and designers and information technology [IT] developers) in the eHealth intervention development process from the early idea initiation to the final intervention evaluation [5,27,39].”
In the citing paper
“The lack of user involvement (ie, patients and health care providers) and human centeredness in development of eHealth interventions have been criticized repeatedly [5,21,27,32,34,36,39], and this lack of user involvement in the development process can potentially also explain the high attrition rates and low adherence associated with such interventions [32,40-42].”
In the citing paper
“As recommended by existing research [5,27,39] and to ensure trustworthiness [78], the study included a broad range of stakeholders (ie, patients, spouses, health care providers, and eHealth experts as well as researchers, editors, software developers, and user representatives) from the project planning stage and throughout the development process.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kress, H.-G., Aldington, D., Alon, E., Coaccioli, S., Collett, B., Coluzzi, F., Huygen, F., Jaksch, W., Kalso, E., Kocot-Kępska, M., Mangas, A. C., Ferri, C. M., Mavrocordatos, P., Morlion, B., Müller-Schwefe, G., Nicolaou, A., Hernández, C. P., & Sichère, P.
- Affiliations
- Vienna General Hospital (AT)
- Royal Hampshire County Hospital (GB)
- University Hospital Zurich (CH)
- Azienda Ospedaliera S.Maria (IT)
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust (GB)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Wilhelminen Hospital (AT)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Jagiellonian University (PL)
- kUNIDOR, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- lHospital General Universitario de Alicante, Spain
- Hirslanden Clinique Cecil (CH)
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven (BE)
- oSchmerz- und Palliativzentrum, Göppingen, Germany
- St George's Hospital (GB)
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (ES)
- Centre Hospitalier Saint-Denis (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Kress, Hans-Georg
- ORCID
- Venue
- Current Medical Research and Opinion
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-08-20
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1743-1754
- ISSN
- 0300-7995 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-4877
- OpenAlex
- W1748921979
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Current Medical Research and Opinion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
- Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Keywords
- chronic pain management, multidisciplinary pain management, biopsychosocial model, stakeholder perspectives, general practitioners, pain specialists, medical education, patient-centered care, psychotherapy, pain assessment tools, pain policy, barriers to treatment
- MeSH terms
- Holistic Health, Humans, Pain Measurement, Patient Care Management, Psychological Techniques, Needs Assessment, Chronic Pain, Pain Management
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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