HIV-infected mental health patients: characteristics and comparison with HIV-infected patients from the general population and non-infected mental health patients
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: HIV-infected patients are at increased risk of developing mental health symptoms, which negatively influence the treatment of the HIV-infection. Mental health problems in HIV-infected patients may affect public health. Psychopathology, including depression and substance abuse, can increase hazardous sexual behaviour and, with it, the chance of spreading HIV. Therefore, it is important to develop an optimal treatment plan for HIV-infected patients with mental health problems. The majority of HIV-infected patients in the Netherlands (almost 60%) are homosexual men.The main objectives of this study were to describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with HIV who seek treatment for their mental health symptoms in the Netherlands. Secondly, we tested whether HIV infected and non-infected homosexual patients with a lifetime depressive disorder differed on several mental health symptoms. METHODS: We compared a cohort of 196 patients who visited the outpatient clinic for HIV and Mental Health with HIV-infected patients in the general population in Amsterdam (ATHENA-study) and with non-HIV infected mental health patients (NESDA-study). DSM-IV diagnoses were determined, and several self-report questionnaires were used to assess mental health symptoms. RESULTS: Depressive disorders were the most commonly occurring diagnoses in the cohort and frequent drug use was common. HIV-infected homosexual men with a depressive disorder showed no difference in depressive symptoms or sleep disturbance, compared with non-infected depressive men. However, HIV-positive patients did express more symptoms like fear, anger and guilt. Although they showed significantly more suicidal ideation, suicide attempts were not more prevalent among HIV-infected patients. Finally, the HIV-infected depressive patients displayed a considerably higher level of drug use than the HIV-negative group. CONCLUSION: Habitual drug use is a risk factor for spreading HIV. It is also more often diagnosed in HIV-infected homosexual men with a lifetime depression or dysthymic disorder than in the non-infected population. Untreated mental health problems, such as depressive symptoms and use of drugs can have serious repercussions. Therefore, general practitioners and internists should be trained to recognize mental health problems in HIV-infected patients.
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In agreement with previous literature, the frequency of anxiety disorders, depression, problematic alcohol and other substance use, and suicidal behavior is particularly high among people living with HIV in the study sample.
“Σε συμφωνία με την προηγούμενη βιβλιογραφία γύρω από τις ψυχιατρικές εκδηλώσεις στη λοίμωξη HIV, 7-10 στο δείγμα της παρούσας έρευνας βρέθηκε ότι η συχνότητα των αγχωδών διαταραχών, της κατάθλιψης, της προβληματικής χρήσης αλκοόλ και άλλων ψυχοτρόπων ουσιών και της αυτοκτονικής συμπεριφοράς είναι ιδιαίτερα υψηλή μεταξύ των ανθρώπων που ζουν με HIV.”
From Clinical presentation and requests for support of people with HIV/AIDS seeking counselling and psychotherapy in Greece (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
The Results (Comparison with the general HIV-infected population in Amsterdam; page unavailable) report depression in more than half of this paper’s mental-health cohort, anxiety disorders in 21%, drug dependence or abuse in 10%, and alcohol dependence or abuse in only 5%. The Results (Comparison with HIV-negative depressive homosexual men; page unavailable) also report more suicidal ideation, but not more suicide attempts. These passages support several psychiatric problems among HIV-infected patients, but not the claim that problematic alcohol use and suicidal behavior as a whole were particularly frequent; the citing study’s own sample findings are not established by this source. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Schadé, A., van Grootheest, G., & Smit, J. H.
- Affiliations
- GGZ inGeest (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Schadé, Annemiek
- Venue
- BMC Psychiatry
- Published
- 2013-01-23
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 35-35
- ISSN
- 1471-244X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3577506
- OpenAlex
- W2084426630
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 3.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universiteit Leiden (10‐000‐1002)
- ZonMw (10‐000‐1002)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- GGZ inGeest
- Rivierduinen
- GGZ Friesland
- GGZ Drenthe
- Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek van de Gezondheidszorg (10-000-1002)
- Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum
- Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Keywords
- HIV infection, mental health, depressive disorders, substance use, gay men, suicidal ideation, sleep disorders, HIV risk factors, psychiatric comorbidity, general practice training
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Personality Inventory, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, HIV Infections, Homosexuality, Male, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult
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