The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
No improvement in socioeconomic inequalities in birthweight and preterm birth over four decades: a population-based cohort study
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“For instance, a significant decrease in birthweight was observed in the most deprived areas, in comparison with the least deprived (Beta = –113.4 g (95%CI [ –133.0; –93.8]) [51].”
From A Comprehensive Review on Social Inequalities and Pregnancy Outcome—Identification of Relevant Pathways and Mechanisms (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“Most studies investigating the effect of socioeconomic conditions (measured at the neighborhood level on birthweight) confirmed the existence of social and territorial health inequalities [32,39,43,51,53,57].”
From A Comprehensive Review on Social Inequalities and Pregnancy Outcome—Identification of Relevant Pathways and Mechanisms (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“In terms of birthweight, most studies (all but two [33,42]) revealed a socioeconomic relationship to PTB outcome [28,34,36,39,40,46,51].”
From A Comprehensive Review on Social Inequalities and Pregnancy Outcome—Identification of Relevant Pathways and Mechanisms (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“Several studies suggest an association between pregnancy outcomes and such structural determinants as neighborhood-level deprivation [34,39,40,46,51,53] or neighborhood unemployment rate [53].”
From A Comprehensive Review on Social Inequalities and Pregnancy Outcome—Identification of Relevant Pathways and Mechanisms (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, the risk is higher among the most deprived groups, compared with the most privileged groups (OR = 1.5;95%CI [1.3;1.7]), for 1991–2000) [51].”
From A Comprehensive Review on Social Inequalities and Pregnancy Outcome—Identification of Relevant Pathways and Mechanisms (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The preterm prediction study: significance of vaginal infections
Meis, P. J., Goldenberg, R. L., Mercer, B., Moawad, A., Das, A., McNellis, D., Johnson, F., Iams, J. D., Thom, E., & Andrews, W. W. (1995) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(95)91360-2 · Cited by 410
Socioeconomic inequalities in very preterm birth rates
Smith, L. K., Draper, E. S., Manktelow, B. N., Dorling, J. S., & Field, D. J. (2007) · Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition · doi:10.1136/adc.2005.090308 · Cited by 203 · cited 3×
“Socioeconomic differences in birthweight and preterm birth have been observed in other British locations [7,13,20,36,38] as well as in other European [34,37,39] and non-European societies with different ethnic structure [18,20,26,40].”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 46
- Callaghan W, MacDorman M, Rasmussen S, Qin C, Lackritz EM: The contribution of preterm birth to infant mortality rates in the United States. Pediatrics. 2006, 118: 1566-1573. 10.1542/peds.2006-0860. · DOI
- Kramer MS: Determinants of low birth weight: methodological assessment and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 1987, 65: 663-737.
- Moser K: Gestation-specific infant mortality by social and biological factors among babies born in Enland and Wales in. Health Stat Q. 2006, 2009: 78-87.
- Stephens BE, Vohr BR: Neurodevelopmental outcome of the premature infant. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2009, 56: 631-646. 10.1016/j.pcl.2009.03.005. · DOI
- Saigal S, Doyle LW: An overview of mortality and sequelae of preterm birth from infancy to adulthood. Lancet. 2008, 371: 261-269. 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60136-1. · DOI · Paper page
- Johnson RC, Schoeni RF: Early-life origins of adult disease: national longitudinal population-based study of the United States. Am J Public Health. 2011, 101: 2317-2324. 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300252. · DOI
- Spencer NJ, Logan S, Gill L: Trends and social patterning of birthweight in Sheffield, 1985-94. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1999, 81: F138-F140. 10.1136/fn.81.2.F138. · DOI
- Branum AM, Schoendorf KC: Changing patterns of low birthweight and preterm birth in the United States, 1981-98. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2002, 16: 8-15. 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2002.00394.x. · DOI
- Glinianaia SV, Rankin J, Bell R, Pearce MS, Parker L: Temporal changes in the distribution of population risk factors attenuate the reduction in perinatal mortality. J Clin Epidemiol. 2005, 58: 1299-1307. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.03.015. · DOI
- Skjaerven R, Gjessing H, Bakketeig L: Birthweight by gestational age in Norway. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2000, 79: 440-449. 10.1080/j.1600-0412.2000.079006440.x. · DOI
- Craig ED, Thompson JM, Mitchell EA: Socioeconomic status and preterm birth: New Zealand trends, 1980 to 1999. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2002, 86: F142-F146. 10.1136/fn.86.3.F142. · DOI
- Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, Romero R: Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet. 2008, 371: 75-84. 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60074-4. · DOI · Paper page
- Petrou S, Sach T, Davidson L: The long-term costs of preterm birth and low birth weight: results of a systematic review. Child Care Health Dev. 2001, 27: 97-115. 10.1046/j.1365-2214.2001.00203.x. · DOI
- Parker JD, Schoendorf KC, Kiely JL: Associations between measures of socioeconomic status and low birth weight, small for gestational age, and premature delivery in the United States. Ann Epidemiol. 1994, 4: 271-278. 10.1016/1047-2797(94)90082-5. · DOI
- Wilcox MA, Smith SJ, Johnson IR, Maynard PV, Chilvers CE: The effect of social deprivation on birthweight, excluding physiological and pathological effects. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1995, 102: 918-924. 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb10882.x. · DOI
- Kramer MS, Goulet L, Lydon J, Seguin L, McNamara H, Dassa C, Platt RW, Chen MF, Gauthier H, Genest J: Socio-economic disparities in preterm birth: causal pathways and mechanisms. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2001, 15: 104-123. 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2001.00012.x. · DOI · Paper page
- Kramer MS, Seguin L, Lydon J, Goulet L: Socio-economic disparities in pregnancy outcome: why do the poor fare so poorly?. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2000, 14: 194-210. 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2000.00266.x. · DOI
- Spencer N: The effect of income inequality and macro-level social policy on infant mortality and low birthweight in developed countries–a preliminary systematic review. Child Care Health Dev. 2004, 30: 699-709. 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2004.00485.x. · DOI
- Matijasevich A, Victora CG, Lawlor DA, Golding J, Menezes AM, Araujo CL, Barros AJ, Santos IS, Barros FC, Smith GD: Association of socioeconomic position with maternal pregnancy and infant health outcomes in birth cohort studies from Brazil and the UK. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2012, 66: 127-135. 10.1136/jech.2010.108605. · DOI · Paper page
- Zeka A, Melly SJ, Schwartz J: The effects of socioeconomic status and indices of physical environment on reduced birth weight and preterm births in Eastern Massachusetts. Environ Health. 2008, 7: 60-10.1186/1476-069X-7-60. · DOI
- Mortensen LH, Diderichsen F, Smith GD, Andersen AM: The social gradient in birthweight at term: quantification of the mediating role of maternal smoking and body mass index. Hum Reprod. 2009, 24: 2629-2635. 10.1093/humrep/dep211. · DOI
- Munro J: Health inequalities 25 years after Black. Public Health. 2006, 120: 187-188. 10.1016/j.puhe.2006.01.003. · DOI
- Smith GD, Bartley M, Blane D: The Black report on socioeconomic inequalities in health 10 years on. BMJ. 1990, 301: 373-377. 10.1136/bmj.301.6748.373. · DOI
- Finch BK: Socioeconomic gradients and low birth-weight: empirical and policy considerations. Health Serv Res. 2003, 38: 1819-1841. 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2003.00204.x. · DOI
- O’Campo P, Burke JG, Culhane J, Elo IT, Eyster J, Holzman C, Messer LC, Kaufman JS, Laraia BA: Neighborhood deprivation and preterm birth among non-Hispanic Black and White women in eight geographic areas in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 2008, 167: 155-163. · DOI
- DeFranco EA, Lian M, Muglia LA, Schootman M: Area-level poverty and preterm birth risk: a population-based multilevel analysis. BMC Public Health. 2008, 8: 316-10.1186/1471-2458-8-316. · DOI · Paper page
- Office for National Statistics: Social focus in brief: ethnicity 2002. 2002, London: Office for National Statistics
- Hodgson S, Shirley M, Bythell M, Rankin J: Residential mobility during pregnancy in the north of England. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2009, 9: 52-10.1186/1471-2393-9-52. · DOI
- Pearce MS, Glinianaia SV, Rankin J, Rushton SP, Charlton M, Parker L, Pless-Mulloli T: No association between ambient particulate matter exposure during pregnancy and stillbirth risk in the north of England, 1962-1992. Environ Res. 2010, 110: 118-122. 10.1016/j.envres.2009.10.003. · DOI
- Glinianaia SV, Rankin J, Pless-Mulloli T, Pearce MS, Charlton M, Parker L: Temporal changes in key maternal and fetal factors affecting birth outcomes: a 32-year population-based study in an industrial city. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2008, 8: 39-10.1186/1471-2393-8-39. · DOI
- Jenkins SP: Recent trends in the UK income distribution: what happened and why?. Oxf Rev Econ Policy. 1996, 12: 29-46. 10.1093/oxrep/12.1.29. · DOI
- Taylor-Robinson D, Agarwal U, Diggle PJ, Platt MJ, Yoxall B, Alfirevic Z: Quantifying the impact of deprivation on preterm births: a retrospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2011, 6: e23163-10.1371/journal.pone.0023163. · DOI
- Thompson JM, Irgens LM, Rasmussen S, Daltveit AK: Secular trends in socio-economic status and the implications for preterm birth. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2006, 20: 182-187. 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2006.00711.x. · DOI · Paper page
- Villar J, Belizan JM: The timing factor in the pathophysiology of the intrauterine growth retardation syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1982, 37: 499-506. 10.1097/00006254-198208000-00001. · DOI
- Fairley L: Changing patterns of inequality in birthweight and its determinants: a population-based study, Scotland 1980-2000. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2005, 19: 342-351. 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00665.x. · DOI
- Petersen CB, Mortensen LH, Morgen CS, Madsen M, Schnor O, Arntzen A, Gissler M, Cnattingius S, Andersen AM: Socio-economic inequality in preterm birth: a comparative study of the Nordic countries from 1981 to 2000. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2009, 23: 66-75. 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00977.x. · DOI
- Pattenden S, Dolk H, Vrijheid M: Inequalities in low birth weight: parental social class, area deprivation, and “lone mother” status. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999, 53: 355-358. 10.1136/jech.53.6.355. · DOI
- Mortensen LH, Diderichsen F, Davey Smith G, Nybo Andersen AM: Time is on whose side? Time trends in the association between maternal social disadvantage and offspring fetal growth. A study of 1 409 339 births in Denmark, 1981-2004. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2009, 63: 281-285. 10.1136/jech.2008.076364. · DOI
- Langridge AT, Li J, Nassar N, Stanley FJ: Community-level socioeconomic inequalities in infants with poor fetal growth in Western Australia, 1984 to 2006. Ann Epidemiol. 2011, 21: 473-480. 10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.02.009. · DOI
- Spencer N, Bambang S, Logan S, Gill L: Socioeconomic status and birth weight: comparison of an area-based measure with the Registrar General’s social class. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999, 53: 495-498. 10.1136/jech.53.8.495. · DOI
- WHO: Maternal anthropometry and pregnancy outcomes. A WHO Collaborative Study. Bull World Health Organ. 1995, 73: (Suppl):1-98.
- Honest H, Bachmann LM, Ngai C, Gupta JK, Kleijnen J, Khan KS: The accuracy of maternal anthropometry measurements as predictor for spontaneous preterm birth–a systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2005, 119: 11-20. 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.07.041. · DOI
- Kramer MS: Attributable causes of low birth weight. Maternal and extrauterine nutritional factors: their influence on fetal and infant growth. Edited by: Battaglia F, Falkner F, Garza C. 1996, Madrid: Ediciones Ergon, 349-357.
- Bower C, Hansen M: Assisted reproductive technologies and birth outcomes: overview of recent systematic reviews. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2005, 17: 329-333. 10.1071/RD04095. · DOI
- Barron SL, Thomson AM, Philips PR: Home and hospital confinement in Newcastle upon Tyne, 1960 to 1969. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1977, 84: 401-411. 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1977.tb12614.x. · DOI
- Adams J, Ryan V, White M: How accurate are Townsend Deprivation Scores as predictors of self-reported health? A comparison with individual level data. J Public Health. 2005, 27: 101-106. 10.1093/pubmed/fdh193. · DOI
Cited by
Simoncic, V., Deguen, S., Enaux, C., Vandentorren, S., & Kihal-Talantikite, W. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192416592 · Cited by 83
Metadata
- Authors
- Glinianaia, S. V., Ghosh, R., Rankin, J., Pearce, M. S., Parker, L., & Pless-Mulloli, T.
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2013-04-15
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 1471-2458
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 2
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: No improvement in socioeconomic inequalities in birthweight and preterm birth over four decades: a population-based cohort study. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1186/1471-2458-13-345
- The paper
- Glinianaia, S. V., Ghosh, R., Rankin, J., Pearce, M. S., Parker, L., & Pless-Mulloli, T. (2013). No improvement in socioeconomic inequalities in birthweight and preterm birth over four decades: a population-based cohort study. BMC Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-345
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
