Malaria vectors and transmission dynamics in coastal south-western Cameroon
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Malaria is a major public health problem in Cameroon. Unlike in the southern forested areas where the epidemiology of malaria has been better studied prior to the implementation of control activities, little is known about the distribution and role of anophelines in malaria transmission in the coastal areas. METHODS: A 12-month longitudinal entomological survey was conducted in Tiko, Limbe and Idenau from August 2001 to July 2002. Mosquitoes captured indoors on human volunteers were identified morphologically. Species of the Anopheles gambiae complex were identified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mosquito infectivity was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PCR. Malariometric indices (plasmodic index, gametocytic index, parasite species prevalence) were determined in three age groups (<5 yrs, 5-15 yrs, >15 yrs) and followed-up once every three months. RESULTS: In all, 2,773 malaria vectors comprising Anopheles gambiae (78.2%), Anopheles funestus (17.4%) and Anopheles nili (7.4%) were captured. Anopheles melas was not anthropophagic. Anopheles gambiae had the highest infection rates. There were 287, 160 and 149 infective bites/person/year in Tiko, Limbe and Idenau, respectively. Anopheles gambiae accounted for 72.7%, An. funestus for 23% and An. nili for 4.3% of the transmission. The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia was 41.5% in children <5 years of age, 31.5% in those 5-15 years and 10.5% in those >15 years, and Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant parasite species. CONCLUSION: Malaria transmission is perennial, rainfall dependent and An. melas does not contribute to transmission. These findings are important in the planning and implementation of malaria control activities in coastal Cameroon and West Africa.
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An. coluzzii is known to exploit temporary breeding sites.
“In addition to the more permanent breeding sites, An. coluzzii is known to exploit such temporary breeding sites [40, 41].”
From Characterization and abundance of malaria vectors in Sakassou, Central Côte d'Ivoire (2025) · cites this paper as [40]
The Methods section reports collecting Anopheles gambiae larvae from potential breeding sources, and Results Table 2 identifies M-form mosquitoes among those reared from larvae. Neither passage describes whether the breeding sites were temporary; a search for temporary or ephemeral habitats found no passage establishing that point. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPlasmodium spp transmission is perennial in Mutengene, with Anopheles gambiae being the dominant vector species and P. falciparum accounting for most malaria infections.
“Plasmodium spp transmission is perennial in the area, with Anopheles gambiae being the dominant vector species and P. falciparum accounting for most malaria infections [19, 20].”
From Intermittent preventive treatment with Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) is associated with protection against sub-microscopic P. falciparum infection in pregnant women during the low transmission dry season in southwestern Cameroon: A Semi - longitudinal study (2022) · cites this paper as [19]
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References 44 · Cited by 126
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Mfonfu D Proceedings on the conference of "malaria in Africa: practical considerations on malaria and clinical trials" 1986 Washington DC: Am Inst Biol Scs 103 112
- Manga L Bouchite B Toto JC Froment A Anopheles species and the transmission of malaria in the forest/savannah transition zone in central Cameroon Bull Soc Path Exot 1993 90 128 130 9289252
- Authors
- Bigoga, J. D., Manga, L., Titanji, V. P., Coetzee, M., & Leke, R. G.
- Affiliations
- Université de Yaoundé I (CM)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa (CG)
- University of Buea (CM)
- National Health Laboratory Service (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Coetzee, Maureen
- Venue
- Malaria Journal
- Published
- 2007-01-17
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-5
- ISSN
- 1475-2875 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1783660
- OpenAlex
- W1948183053
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Malaria Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- U.S. Public Health Service (U01-A1135839)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bird parasitology and diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Keywords
- malaria vectors, malaria transmission dynamics, Anopheles gambiae s.l., Anopheles funestus, Anopheles nili, Anopheles melas, mosquito infectivity, Plasmodium falciparum, Limbe, rainfall dependence, malaria control planning
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Animals, Anopheles, Cameroon, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Insect Bites and Stings, Insect Vectors, Malaria, Rain, Seasons, Prevalence, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Parasitemia
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