The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Drug procurement, the Global Fund and misguided competition policies
Open accessAbstract
In an effort to increase competition and decrease price, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria recently began asking some grant recipients to use international competitive bidding processes for certain drug purchases. Unfortunately, for countries like Kenya, this request has caused more harm than good. After awarding the tender for its annual supply of the anti-malarial artemether-lumefantrine to the lowest bidder, Ajanta Pharma, Kenya experienced wide stock-outs in part due to the company's inability to supply the order in full and on time. Similar problems could arise in Uganda. Despite Kenya's experience, Uganda has awarded its next tender for artemether-lumefantrine to Ajanta Pharma. Uganda is already facing wide stock-outs and risks exacerbating an already dire situation the longer it takes to fulfil the procurement contract. A tender process based primarily on price cannot account for a company's ability to consistently supply sufficient product in time.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“One reference about a centralised procurement process for antimalarials in Kenya found that a delay in the process, and the awarding of the tender to a relatively new, unknown company, resulted in a nationwide increase in stock outs.12”
From Do changes to supply chains and procurement processes yield cost savings and improve availability of pharmaceuticals, vaccines or health products? A systematic review of evidence from low-income and middle-income countries (2017) · cites this paper as [12]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Global Fund To Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, And Malaria
Dutta, N. (2010) · Brill | Nijhoff eBooks · doi:10.1163/ej.9789004163300.i-1081.886 · Cited by 166
(2007) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-1563 · Cited by 155
Malaria Drug Shortages in Kenya: A Major Failure to Provide Access to Effective Treatment
Kangwana, B. B., Njogu, J. N., Wasunna, B., Kedenge, S. V., Memusi, D. N., Goodman, C. A., Zurovac, D., & Snow, R. W. (2009) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2009.80.737 · Cited by 105
van Kerkhoff, L. E. (2006) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.05.028704 · Cited by 33
Cohen, J. M., Singh, I., & O’Brien, M. (2008) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-200 · Cited by 20
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Bogere H: Shortages feared as big drug contract is halted. The Observer. 2009, [ http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3987&Itemid=59 ]
- Bogere H, Das D: Drug shortage feared as govt, WHO haggle over supplier. The Observer. 2009, [ http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3766&Itemid=59 ]
- Baguma R: Another malaria drug launched in Uganda. The New Vision. 2009, [ http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/700217 ]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Drug Shortage: Causes, Impact, and Mitigation Strategies
Shukar, S., Zahoor, F., Hayat, K., Saeed, A., Gillani, A., Omer, S., Hu, S.-C., Babar, Z., Fang, Y., & Yang, C.-J. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.693426 · Cited by 301
Seidman, G., & Atun, R. (2017) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000243 · Cited by 133
“One reference about a centralised procurement process for antimalarials in Kenya found that a delay in the process, and the awarding of the tender to a relatively new, unknown company, resulted in a nationwide increase in stock outs.(12) The full list of references meeting inclusion criteria can be found in tables 1 a…”
BackgroundA Reversal in Reductions of Child Mortality in Western Kenya, 2003–2009
Hamel, M. J., Adazu, K., Obor, D., Sewe, M. O., VULULE, J. M., Williamson, J. M., Slutsker, L., Feikin, D. R., & Laserson, K. F. (2011) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0678 · Cited by 110
Talisuna, A. O., Karema, C., Ogutu, B. R., Juma, E. A., Logedi, J., Nyandigisi, A. J., Mulenga, M., Mbacham, W. F., Roper, C., Guerin, P. J., et al. (2012) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(12)70241-4 · Cited by 83
Increasing malaria hospital admissions in Uganda between 1999 and 2009
Okiro, E. A., Bitira, D., Mbabazi, G., Mpimbaza, A., Alegana, V. A., Talisuna, A. O., & Snow, R. W. (2011) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-9-37 · Cited by 79
Nankabirwa, J. I., Cundill, B., Clarke, S. E., Kabatereine, N. B., Rosenthal, P. J., Dorsey, G., BROOKER, S. J., & Staedke, S. G. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013438 · Cited by 61
The magnitude and trend of artemether-lumefantrine stock-outs at public health facilities in Kenya
Sudoi, R., Githinji, S., Nyandigisi, A. J., Muturi, A., Snow, R. W., & Zurovac, D. (2012) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-37 · Cited by 31
Patterns of anti-malarial drug treatment among pregnant women in Uganda
Sangaré, L. R., Weiss, N. S., Brentlinger, P. E., Richardson, B. A., Staedke, S. G., Kiwuwa, M. S., & Stergachis, A. S. (2011) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-152 · Cited by 29
Can voluntary pooled procurement reduce the price of antiretroviral drugs? a case study of Efavirenz
Kim, S. W., & Skordis, J. (2016) · Health Policy and Planning · doi:10.1093/heapol/czw165 · Cited by 27
Boche, B., Mulugeta, T., & Gudeta, T. (2020) · Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice · doi:10.2147/iprp.s269421 · Cited by 22
Yuan, J., Lu, K., Xiong, X., Lee, T.-Y., Huang, H., & Jiang, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.842944 · Cited by 21
Gu, Y., & Zhuang, Q. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1192423 · Cited by 21
Single dose treatment of malaria - current status and perspectives
Mischlinger, J., Agnandji, S. T., & Ramharter, M. (2016) · Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy · doi:10.1080/14787210.2016.1192462 · Cited by 21
An Economic Evaluation of Home Management of Malaria in Uganda: An Interactive Markov Model
Lubell, Y., MILLS, A. J., Whitty, C. W. M., & Staedke, S. G. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012439 · Cited by 20
Peak Oil and Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Impacts and Potential Responses
WINCH, P. J., & Stepnitz, R. (2011) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300231 · Cited by 19
Contract management practice and operational performance of state corporations in Kenya
Rotich, J. C. (2014) · Cited by 16
Huang, Y., Li, H., Peng, D., Wang, Y., Ren, Q.-M., & Guo, Y. (2016) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1422-3 · Cited by 13
Dispelling myths about drug procurement policy
van Valen, M., Jamieson, D., Parvin, L., & Ramirez, C. L. (2018) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30190-6 · Cited by 13
Orsi, F., Singh-Phulgenda, S., & Sagaon‐Teyssier, L. (2018) · Science Technology and Society · doi:10.1177/0971721818762906 · Cited by 11
Nakambale, H. N., & Bangalee, V. (2021) · Value in Health Regional Issues · doi:10.1016/j.vhri.2021.09.008 · Cited by 8
Dalrymple, D. G. (2010) · Cited by 8
Determinants of the Global Prices of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods
Kakietek, J. J. (2018) · Food and Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0379572118767149 · Cited by 8
Transparency and Accountability in Public Procurement of Essential Medicines in Developing Countries
Kotwani, A. (2011) · International Journal of User-Driven Healthcare · doi:10.4018/ijudh.2011100102 · Cited by 5
Transparency and Accountability in Public Procurement of Essential Medicines in Developing Countries
Kotwani, A. (2012) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-2625-6.ch085 · Cited by 3
Zimbulu, V. (2016) · University of Nairobi Research Archive (University of Nairobi) · Cited by 3
Singh, S. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/e326c611z5bebz4d58zb94ez43f043c8c5d1 · Cited by 3
Assuring health commodity security in resource-poor settings
Tetteh, E. K. (2021) · Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.04.005 · Cited by 1
Roberts, M. J., & Reich, M. R. (2011) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/9780821387603_ch08
Determinantes globais do desabastecimento de medicamentos
Chaves, L. A. (2026) · Editora FIOCRUZ eBooks · doi:10.7476/9786557083031.0006
Wang, D. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1944235
Metadata
- Authors
- Tren, R., Hess, K., & Bate, R.
- Affiliations
- American Enterprise Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tren, Richard
- ORCID
- Bate, Roger
- Venue
- Malaria Journal
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 305-305
- ISSN
- 1475-2875 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2804689
- OpenAlex
- W2017577888
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 9.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Malaria Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Public Procurement and Policy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting
- Keywords
- drug procurement, Global Fund, tendering, artemether-lumefantrine, stockouts, supply chain reliability, price competition, antimalarial drugs, Kenya, Uganda, procurement contracts
- MeSH terms
- Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination, Antimalarials, Drug Combinations, Ethanolamines, Financial Management, Fluorenes, Humans, Kenya, Malaria, Public Policy, Uganda, Artemisinins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review