Caffeine enhances upper body strength in resistance-trained women
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Research has indicated that low-to-moderate dosages of caffeine supplementation are ergogenic for sustained endurance efforts as well as high-intensity exercise. The effects of caffeine supplementation on strength-power performance are equivocal, with some studies indicating a benefit and others demonstrating no change in performance. The majority of research that has examined the effects of caffeine supplementation on strength-power performance has been carried out in both trained and untrained men. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of caffeine supplementation on strength and muscular endurance in resistance-trained women. METHODS: In a randomized manner, 15 women consumed caffeine (6 mg/kg) or placebo (PL) seven days apart. Sixty min following supplementation, participants performed a one-repetition maximum (1RM) barbell bench press test and repetitions to failure at 60% of 1RM. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were assessed at rest, 60 minutes post-consumption, and immediately following completion of repetitions to failure. RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significantly greater bench press maximum with caffeine (p </= 0.05) (52.9 +/- 11.1 kg vs. 52.1 +/- 11.7 kg) with no significant differences between conditions in 60% 1RM repetitions (p = 0.81). Systolic blood pressure was significantly greater post-exercise, with caffeine (p < 0.05) (116.8 +/- 5.3 mmHg vs. 112.9 +/- 4.9 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate a moderate dose of caffeine may be sufficient for enhancing strength performance in resistance-trained women.
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The few studies on cardiovascular response to caffeine and an acute bout of resistance exercise have primarily included men, with caffeine doses of 2-6 mg/kg, so effects on women are unclear.
“The few studies that have demonstrated the cardiovascular response to caffeine and an acute bout of RE have primarily included men,9,11,22,23 with caffeine doses of 2–6mg/kg. Thus, the effects on women are unclear.7”
From The Effects of Caffeine and Resistance Exercise on Pulse Wave Reflection in Resistance-Trained Women (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
An a priori power calculation determined that 11 participants were needed based on Cohen's d of 1.3 and power at 80%.
“An a priori power calculation determined that 11 participants were needed based on a Cohen’s d of 1.3, and power at 80%7.”
From The Effects of Caffeine and Resistance Exercise on Pulse Wave Reflection in Resistance-Trained Women (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
The Methods > Statistics section describes the statistical tests but gives no a priori power calculation. Methods > Research Participants reports that 15 women volunteered; it does not say that a calculation required 11 participants. Searches for the stated calculation, Cohen’s d of 1.3, and 80% power found no supporting passage in our copy (page numbers unavailable). (LLM, conf=0.73)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA menstrual cycle phase effect on elimination of caffeine has been demonstrated with greater accumulation and slower elimination in the luteal phase (although no phase difference in half-life).
“a menstrual cycle phase effect on elimination of caffeine has been demonstrated with greater accumulation and slower elimination in the luteal phase (although no phase difference in half-life) [292].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [292]
The Methods and Discussion describe caffeine supplementation and exercise performance in women, but do not address menstrual-cycle phase or caffeine elimination. Searches for luteal-phase accumulation, slower clearance, and half-life found no passage supporting the claim; page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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References 35 · Cited by 140
- Authors
- Goldstein, E., Jacobs, P. L., Whitehurst, M., Penhollow, T., & Antonio, J.
- Affiliations
- Florida Atlantic University (US)
- Nova Southeastern University 33314 Davie FL USA
- Corresponding author
- Goldstein, Erica
- Venue
- Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-01-05
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 18-18
- ISSN
- 1550-2783 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2876999
- OpenAlex
- W2170673451
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- caffeine supplementation, ergogenic aids, upper body strength, muscular endurance, repetitions to failure, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, acute caffeine effects
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