The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Etiology of autistic features: the persisting neurotoxic effects of propionic acid
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Recent clinical observations suggest that certain gut and dietary factors may transiently worsen symptoms in autism. Propionic acid (PA) is a short chain fatty acid and an important intermediate of cellular metabolism. Although PA has several beneficial biological effects, its accumulation is neurotoxic. METHODS: Two groups of young Western albino male rats weighing about 45 to 60 grams (approximately 21 days old) were used in the present study. The first group consisted of oral buffered PA-treated rats that were given a neurotoxic dose of 250 mg/kg body weight/day for three days, n = eight; the second group of rats were given only phosphate buffered saline and used as a control. Biochemical parameters representing oxidative stress, energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, neurotransmission, and apoptosis were investigated in brain homogenates of both groups. RESULTS: Biochemical analyses of brain homogenates from PA-treated rats showed an increase in oxidative stress markers (for example, lipid peroxidation), coupled with a decrease in glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase activities. Impaired energy metabolism was ascertained through the decrease of lactate dehydrogenase and activation of creatine kinase (CK). Elevated IL-6, TNFα, IFNγ and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) confirmed the neuroinflammatory effect of PA. Moreover, elevation of caspase3 and DNA fragmentation proved the pro-apoptotic and neurotoxic effect of PA to rat pups CONCLUSION: By comparing the results obtained with those from animal models of autism or with clinical data on the biochemical profile of autistic patients, this study showed that the neurotoxicity of PA as an environmental factor could play a central role in the etiology of autistic biochemical features.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In animal models, for example, propionate (although directly administered to the brain intracerebroventricularly or in high concentrations) can induce autism-like behaviors (366, 367)”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [367]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF TOTAL LIPIDES FROM ANIMAL TISSUES
Folch, J., Lees, M., & Stanley, G. H. S. (1957) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5 · Cited by 65,189
Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase.
Paglia, D. E., & Valentine, W. N. (1967) · PubMed · Cited by 10,776
Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione.
Beutler, E., Duron, O., & KELLY, B. M. (1963) · PubMed · Cited by 6,932
The Assay of Catalases and Peroxidases
Maehly, A. C. (1954) · Methods of biochemical analysis · doi:10.1002/9780470110171.ch14 · Cited by 3,306
Neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism
Vargas, D. L., Nascimbene, C., Krishnan, C., Zimmerman, A. W., & Pardo, C. A. (2005) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20315 · Cited by 2,149 · cited 7×
“Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a cluster of related neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by varying degrees of impaired socialization, reduced communication, and limited, repetitive, or stereotyped interests and activities.”
BackgroundInfluentialClinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods
Henry, J. B. (1979) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,699
Ashwood, P., Krakowiak, P., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Hansen, R., Pessah, I., & Van de Water, J. (2011) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.08.003 · Cited by 940
Elevated immune response in the brain of autistic patients
Li, X., Chauhan, A., Sheikh, A. M., Patil, S., Chauhan, V., Li, X.-M., Ji, L., Brown, T., & Malik, M. (2009) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.12.002 · Cited by 786
Chauhan, A., & Chauhan, V. (2006) · Pathophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.05.007 · Cited by 656
A new colorimetric technique for the estimation of vitamin C using Folin phenol reagent
Jagota, S. K., & Dani, H. M. (1982) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(82)90162-2 · Cited by 623
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Chance B: Catalases and peroxidases, part II. Special methods. Methods Biochem Anal 1954, 1:408.
- Castro BA, Jakowec M: Molecular differences in the Fischer 344 Rat, a new animal model of autism. 2009, 1.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Diet-Induced Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Microbiota and the Effects on Immunity and Disease
Brown, K., DeCoffe, D., Molcan, E., & Gibson, D. L. (2012) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu4081095 · Cited by 700
Butyrate, neuroepigenetics and the gut microbiome: Can a high fiber diet improve brain health?
Bourassa, M. W., Alim, I., Bultman, S. J., & Ratan, R. R. (2016) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.009 · Cited by 667
Microbiota-derived metabolites as drivers of gut–brain communication
Ahmed, H., Leyrolle, Q., Koistinen, V., Kärkkäinen, O., Layé, S., Delzenne, N., & Hanhineva, K. (2022) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2022.2102878 · Cited by 462
Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health
Berding, K., Vlckova, K., Marx, W., Schellekens, H., Stanton, C., Clarke, G., Jacka, F., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2021) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmaa181 · Cited by 451
MacFabe, D. F. (2012) · Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease · doi:10.3402/mehd.v23i0.19260 · Cited by 438
Metadata
- Authors
- El-Ansary, A. K., Bacha, A. B., & Kotb, M.
- Affiliations
- King Saud University (SA)
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- Corresponding author
- El-Ansary, Afaf K
- ORCID
- El-Ansary, Afaf K
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroinflammation
- Published
- 2012-04-24
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 74-74
- ISSN
- 1742-2094 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3425128
- OpenAlex
- W2061631433
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 6.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroinflammation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- King Saud University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, propionic acid, neurotoxicity, short-chain fatty acids, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, caspase-3, energy metabolism, gut dysbiosis, dietary factors, animal models of autism
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autistic Disorder, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Male, Propionates, Random Allocation, Oxidative Stress, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
