Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 29

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Assessment of nutritional knowledge in female athletes susceptible to the Female Athlete Triad syndrome

Raymond-Barker, Philippa, Petroczi, Andrea, Quested, Eleanor·2007·Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology
DOI 10.1186/1745-6673-2-10
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background: The study aimed to i) assess nutritional knowledge in female athletes susceptible to the Female Athlete Triad (FAT) syndrome and to compare with controls; and ii) to compare nutritional knowledge of those who were classified as being 'at risk' for developing FAT syndrome and those who are 'not at risk'. Methods: In this study, participants completed General Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ), the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) and survey measures of training/physical activity, menstrual and skeletal injury history. The sample consisted of 48 regional endurance athletes, 11 trampoline gymnasts and 32 untrained controls. Based on proxy measures for the FAT components, participants were classified being 'at risk' or 'not at risk' and nutrition knowledge scores were compared for the two groups. Formal education related to nutrition was considered. Results: A considerably higher percentage of athletes were classified 'at risk' of menstrual dysfunction than controls (28.8% and 9.4%, respectively) and a higher percentage scored at or above the cutoff value of 20 on the EAT-26 test among athletes than controls (10.2% and 3.1%, respectively). 8.5% of athletes were classified 'at risk' for bone mineral density in contrast to none from the control group. Nutrition knowledge and eating attitude appeared to be independent for both athletes and controls. GNKQ scores of athletes were higher than controls but the differences between the knowledge of 'at risk' and 'not at risk' athletes and controls were inconsequential. Formal education in nutrition or closely related subjects does not have an influence on nutrition knowledge or on being classified as 'at risk' or 'not at risk'. Conclusion: The lack of difference in nutrition knowledge between 'at risk' and 'not at risk' athletes suggests that lack of information is not accountable for restricted eating associated with the Female Athlete Triad.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/1745-6673-2-10

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 38

  1. Nattiv AR, Agostini B, Drinkwater K, Yeager K: The female athlete triad. The interrelatedness of disordered eating, amenorrhea and osteoporosis. Clin J Sport Med 1994, 13: 405–418. · DOI
  2. Otis CL, Drinkwater B, Johnson M: American College of Sports Medicine position stand: The Female Athlete Triad. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997, 29(5):i-ix. · DOI · Paper page
  3. Wilmore JH: Relation of level of exercise, age, and weight-cycling history to weight and eating concerns in male and female runners. Health Psychology 1992, 11: 418–421. 10.1037/0278-6133.11.6.418 · DOI
  4. Manore MM: Dietary recommendations and athletic menstrual dysfunction. Sports Medicine 2002, 32: 887–901. 10.2165/00007256-200232140-00002 · DOI
  5. Sundgot-Borgen J, Torstveit MK: Prevalence of eating disorders in elite athletes is higher than in the general population. Clin J Sport Med 2003, 14(1):25–32. 10.1097/00042752-200401000-00005 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Miller KK: Mechanisms by which nutritional disorders cause reduced bone mass in adults. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2003, 12(2):145–150. 10.1089/154099903321576538 · DOI
  7. Beals KA, Manore MM: Disorders of the female athlete triad among collegiate athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2002, 12(3):281–293. · DOI · Paper page
  8. Vinci D: Effective nutrition support programs for college athletes. Int J Sport Nutr 1998, 8(3):308–320. · DOI
  9. Yannakoulia M, Sitara M, Matalas AL: Reported eating behaviour and attitudes improvement after a nutrition intervention program in a group of young female dancers. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2002, 12(1):24–32. · DOI
  10. Zawila LG, Steib CS, Hoogenboom B: The Female Collegiate Cross-Country Runner: Nutritional Knowledge and Attitudes. J Athl Train 2003, 38(1):67–74.
  11. Bond MJ, McDowell AJ, Wilkinson JY: The measurement of dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger: an examination of the factor structure of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001, 25: 900–906. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801611 · DOI
  12. Wiita BG, Stombaugh IS: Nutrition knowledge, eating practices and health of adolescent female runners: A 3-year longitudinal study. Int J Sport Nutr 1996, 6(4):414–425. · DOI
  13. Packman J, Kirk SF: The relationship between nutritional knowledge attitudes and dietary fat consumption in male students. J Hum Nutr Diet 2000, 13: 389–395. 10.1046/j.1365-277x.2000.00260.x · DOI
  14. Robinson TL, Snow-Harter C, Taaffe DR, Gillis D, Shaw J, Marcus R: Gymnasts exhibit higher bone mass than runners despite similar prevalence of amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea. J Bone Miner Res 1995, 10: 26–35. · DOI · Paper page
  15. Hoglund K, Norman L: A high exercise load is linked to pathological weight control behaviour and eating disorders in female fitness instructors. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2002, 12: 262–275. 10.1034/j.1600-0838.2002.10323.x · DOI
  16. Pederson Mussell M, Binford RB, Fulkerson JA: Eating disorders: summary of risk factors, prevention programming, and prevention research. The Counseling Psychologist 2000, 28: 764–796. 10.1177/0011000000286002 · DOI
  17. Torstveit MK, Sungot-Borgen J: Participation in leanness sports but not training volume is associated with menstrual dysfunction: a national survey of 1276 elite athletes and controls. Br J Sports Med 2004, 39: 141–147. 10.1136/bjsm.2003.011338 · DOI
  18. Garner DM, Olmsted MP, Bohr Y, Garfinkel PE: The Eating Attitudes Test: Psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychol Med 1982, 12: 871–878. · DOI · Paper page
  19. Garner DM, Garfinkel PE: The Eating Attitudes Test: an index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1979, 9: 273–279. · DOI
  20. Wayne DW: Biostatistics: A foundation for analysis in the health sciences. 8th Rev edition. London: Wiley; 2005.
  21. Nichols PE, Jonnalagadda SS, Rosenbloom CA, Trinkaus M: Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours regarding hydration of collegiate athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2005, 15: 515–527. · DOI · Paper page
  22. Torstveit MK, Sungot-Borgen J: The female athlete triad: Are elite athletes at increased risk? Med Sci Sport Exerc 2005, 37: 184–193. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000152677.60545.3A · DOI
  23. Economos CD, Bortz SS, Nelson ME: Nutritional practices of elite athletes. Sports Medicine 1993, 16: 381–399. · DOI
  24. Robins A, Hetherington MM: A comparison of pre-competition eating patterns in a group of non-elite triathletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2005, 15: 442–457. · DOI
  25. Chapman P, Toma RB, Tuveson RV, Jacob M: Nutrition knowledge among adolescent high school female athletes. Adolescence 1997, 32: 437–446.
  26. Gabrys G, Wiener A, Lesgold A: Learning by problem solving in coached apprenticeship system. In Cognitive Science of Foundations of Instruction. Edited by: Rabinowitz M. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1993:119–148.
  27. Tyas SL, Pederson LL: Psychosocial factors related to adolescent smoking: a critical review of the literature. Tob Control 1998, 7: 409–420. · DOI · Paper page
  28. Cook PA, Bellis MA: Knowing the risk: relationship between risk behaviour and health knowledge. Public Health 2001, 115: 54–61.
  29. Horswill MS, McKenna FP: The Effect of Perceived Control on Risk Taking. J Appl Soc Psychol 1999, 29: 377–391. 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb01392.x · DOI
  30. Thompson S, Kyle D, Osgood A, Quist R, Phillips D, McClure M: Illusory control and motives for control: the role of connection and intentionality. Motiv Emot 2004, 28: 315–330. 10.1007/s11031-004-2386-0 · DOI
  31. Loucks AB, Strachenfeld NS, DiPetro L: The female athlete triad: do female athletes need to take special care to avoid low energy availability? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006, 38: 1694–1700. 10.1249/01.mss.0000239397.01203.83 · DOI
  32. Hontscharuk RE, O'Donnell E, Williams N, Burke T, De Souza ME: Dietary cognitive restraint: a marker for altered energy homeostasis and menstrual disturbances in athletic women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004, 36: S33. 10.1097/00005768-200405001-00159 · DOI
  33. McLean J, Barr S, Prior J: Dietary restraint, exercise, and bone density in young women: are they related? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001, 33: 1292–1296. 10.1097/00005768-200108000-00008 · DOI
  34. McLean JA, Barr SI: Cognitive dietary restraint is associated with eating behaviours, lifestyle practices, personality characteristics and menstrual irregularity in college women. Appetite 2003, 40: 185–192. 10.1016/S0195-6663(02)00125-3 · DOI
  35. McLean JA, Barr SI, Prior JC: Cognitive dietary restraint is associated with higher cortisol excretion in healthy premenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2001, 73: 7–12. · DOI
  36. Cobb KL, Bachrach LK, Greendale G, Marcus R, Neer RM, Nieves J, Sowers MF, Brown BW Jr, Gopalakrishnan G, Luetters C, Tanner HK, Ward B, Kelsey JL: Disordered eating, menstrual irregularity, and bone mineral density in female runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003, 35: 711–719. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000064935.68277.E7 · DOI · Paper page
  37. Guest NS, Barr SI: Cognitive dietary restraint is associated with stress fractures in women runners. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2005, 15(2):147–159. · DOI
  38. Gibson JH, Mitchell A, Harries MG, Reeve J: Nutritional and exercise-related determinants of bone density in elite female runners. Osteoporos Int 2004, 15: 611–618. · DOI

Cited by

See all 29

Metadata

Authors
Raymond-Barker, P., Petroczi, A., & Quested, E.
Venue
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2007-09-27
Volume
2
Issue
1
ISSN
1745-6673
DOI
10.1186/1745-6673-2-10
Cited by
29
References
3
Language
en

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.