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Are adolescents with high socioeconomic status more likely to engage in alcohol and illicit drug use in early adulthood?
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Previous literature has shown a divergence by age in the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and substance use: adolescents with low SES are more likely to engage in substance use, as are adults with high SES. However, there is growing evidence that adolescents with high SES are also at high risk for substance abuse. The objective of this study is to examine this relationship longitudinally, that is, whether wealthier adolescents are more likely than those with lower SES to engage in substance use in early adulthood. METHODS: The study analyzed data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (AddHealth), a longitudinal, nationally-representative survey of secondary school students in the United States. Logistic regression models were analyzed examining the relationship between adolescent SES (measured by parental education and income) and substance use in adulthood, controlling for substance use in adolescence and other covariates. RESULTS: Higher parental education is associated with higher rates of binge drinking, marijuana and cocaine use in early adulthood. Higher parental income is associated with higher rates of binge drinking and marijuana use. No statistically significant results are found for crystal methamphetamine or other drug use. Results are not sensitive to the inclusion of college attendance by young adulthood as a sensitivity analysis. However, when stratifying by race, results are consistent for white non-Hispanics, but no statistically significant results are found for non-whites. This may be a reflection of the smaller sample size of non-whites, but may also reflect that these trends are driven primarily by white non-Hispanics. CONCLUSIONS: Previous research shows numerous problems associated with substance use in young adults, including problems in school, decreased employment, increases in convictions of driving under the influence (DUI) and accidental deaths. Much of the previous literature is focused on lower SES populations. Therefore, it is possible that teachers, parents and school administrators in wealthier schools may not perceive as great to address substance abuse treatment in their schools. This study can inform teachers, parents, school administrators and program officials of the need for addressing drug abuse prevention activities to this population of students.
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“A study has shown that higher parental education and income are associated with marijuana use in the United States [22].”
From Recreational drug use among Nigerian university students: Prevalence, correlates and frequency of use (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
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“Adolescents and young adults from high SES may even be more likely to binge drink and to use marijuana or cocaine (Humensky, 2010), due in part to more expendable income (spending money; Bellis et al., 2007).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Humensky, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Humensky, Jennifer L
- ORCID
- Humensky, Jennifer L
- Venue
- Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
- Published
- 2010-08-05
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19-19
- ISSN
- 1747-597X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2924306
- OpenAlex
- W2125910289
- Cited by
- 291
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 10.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- AcademyHealth
- University of Chicago
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (HS 00084)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (P01‐HD31921)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01-HD31921)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01- HD31921, P01HD031921)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- socioeconomic status, adolescent substance use, early adulthood, binge drinking, cannabis use, cocaine use, parental education, parental income, racial disparities, substance use prevention, Add Health
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Social Class, Illicit Drugs, United States, Logistic Models, Substance-Related Disorders
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