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Evaluation of the content variation of anthraquinone glycosides in rhubarb by UPLC-PDA
Open accessAbstract
Background: Rhubarb is an important Chinese medicinal herb with a long history of over 2000 years and has been commonly used as a laxative. It is the radix and rhizome of Rheum officinale Baill., R. palmatum L. and R . tanguticum Maxim, all of which are mainly distributed in a broad region in the Tibetan plateau. Anthraquinone glycosides are a series of major active ingredients found in all three species. They are key intermediates in the anthraquinone secondary metabolism and the sennnoside biosynthesis. The variation of the anthraquinone glycoside content in rhubarb in response to specific factors remains an attractive topic. Results: A simple and sensitive Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photo-Diode Array (UPLC-PDA) detector was developed for the simultaneous determination of six anthraquinone glycosides in rhubarb, i.e. , aloeemodin-8- O -glucoside, rhein-8- O -glucoside, chrysophanol-1- O -glucoside, emodin-1- O -glucoside, chrysophanol-8- O -glucoside, emodin-8- O -glucoside. Twenty-seven batches from three species were submitted to the multi-component analysis. The results showed that the anthraquinone glycoside content varied significantly even within the same species. The results showed that the anthraquinone glycoside content varied significantly within the same species but not between different species. The PCA and content analysis results confirmed that the plant species has no obvious effect on the content variation. Neither was any significant correlation observed between the anthraquinone glycoside content and the geographic distribution of the rhubarb. Through correlational analysis, altitude was found to be the main factor that affects the anthraquinone glycoside content in rhubarb. Rhubarb grown at higher altitude has higher anthraquinone glycoside content. Conclusions: This work provides a rapid, sensitive and accurate UPLC-PDA method for the simultaneous determination of six anthraquinone glycosides in rhubarb. The anthraquinone glycoside content varied significantly within the same species. The relationship of the anthraquinone glycoside content with plant species, geographic distribution and altitude were studied using correlational analysis, principal component analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis through SPSS and ArcGIS. Plant species and geographic distribution were found not to affect the content of the six anthraquinone glycosides in rhubarb. The variations in the anthraquinone glycoside content were primarily due to the different altitude where the plant was grown.
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“These predictions are supported by the findings listed in Table 3, which shows that alcohol-water based extracts, having lower relative energy differences (≤ 1), generates higher anthraquinone yields (about twofold) compared to solvents such as water, ethanol or benzene that all have higher relative energy differences (> 1) [104,105].”
From Natural Quinone Dyes: A Review on Structure, Extraction Techniques, Analysis and Application Potential (2021) · cites this paper as [104]
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“Conversely, benzoquinone was obtained in a high quantity (1.45%) when chloroform was used as the extraction solvent [109] while alcohol-water mixtures gave higher values for glycosides (2.63-4.6%)[104].”
From Natural Quinone Dyes: A Review on Structure, Extraction Techniques, Analysis and Application Potential (2021) · cites this paper as [104]
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Dulo, B., Phan, K., Githaiga, J., Raes, K., & De Meester, S. (2021) · Waste and Biomass Valorization · doi:10.1007/s12649-021-01443-9 · Cited by 181
“These predictions are supported by the findings listed in Table 3, which shows that alcohol-water based extracts, having lower relative energy differences (≤ 1), generates higher anthraquinone yields (about twofold) compared to solvents such as water, ethanol or benzene that all have higher relative energy differences…”
Result
Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, Z., Ma, P., Xu, L., He, C., Peng, Y., & Xiao, P.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Ma, Pei
- Venue
- Chemistry Central Journal
- Published
- 2013-10-26
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 170-170
- ISSN
- 1752-153X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3854541
- OpenAlex
- W2109808259
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 4.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Chemistry Central Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (IRT1150)
- Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT1150)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry and biological activity of medicinal plants
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Chromatography in Natural Products
- Keywords
- rhubarb, anthraquinone glycosides, Rheum officinale, Rheum palmatum, Rheum tanguticum, altitude effects, regional variation, spatial autocorrelation
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