Oestrogen exposure and breast cancer risk
Open accessAbstract
Epidemiological and experimental evidence implicates oestrogens in the aetiology of breast cancer. Most established risk factors for breast cancer in humans probably act through hormone-related pathways, and increased concentrations of circulating oestrogens have been found to be strongly associated with increased risk for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. This article explores the evidence for the hypothesis that oestrogen exposure is a major determinant of risk for breast cancer. We review recent data on oestrogens and breast cancer risk, consider oestrogen-related risk factors and examine possible mechanisms that might account for the effects of oestrogen. Finally, we discuss how these advances might influence strategies for reducing the incidence of breast cancer.
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Low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol diets and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth are both related to alterations in the microbiota.
“Low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol (FODMAP) diets, a mainstay of IBS management, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), a complication of IBS, are both related to alterations in the microbiota.”
From Association Between Sex Hormone Levels and Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity—A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [50]
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References 114 · Cited by 346
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- International Agency for Research on Cancer Weight Control and Physical Activity Lyon, France: IARC Press 2002
- Authors
- Travis, R. C., & Key, T. J.
- Affiliations
- Cancer Research UK (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Travis, Ruth C
- Venue
- Breast Cancer Research
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 239-47
- ISSN
- 1465-5411 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-542X
- PMC
- PMC314432
- OpenAlex
- W1807656740
- Cited by
- 346
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 0.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Breast Cancer Research (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- estrogen exposure, breast cancer risk, postmenopausal women, breast cancer prevention
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Breast Neoplasms, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Risk Factors
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