A four-decade analysis of the incidence trends, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease patients at single tertiary centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was once considered as a Western disease. However, recent epidemiological data showed an emerging trend of IBD cases in the Eastern Asia countries. Clinico-epidemiological data of IBD in Malaysia is scarce. This study aimed to address this issue. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), diagnosed from January 1980 till June 2018 was conducted at our centre. RESULTS: A total of 413 IBD patients (281 UC, 132 CD) were identified. Mean crude incidence of IBD has increased steadily over the first three decades: 0.36 (1980-1989), 0.48 (1990-1999) and 0.63 per 100,000 person-years (2000-2009). In the 2010 to 2018 period, the mean crude incidence has doubled to 1.46 per 100,000 person-years. There was a significant rise in the incidence of CD, as depicted by reducing UC:CD ratio: 5:1 (1980-1989), 5:1 (1990-1999), 1.9:1 (2000-2009) and 1.7:1 (2010-2018). The prevalence rate of IBD, UC and CD, respectively were 23.0, 15.67 and 7.36 per 100,000 persons. Of all IBD patients, 61.5% (n = 254) were males. When stratified according to ethnic group, the highest prevalence of IBD was among the Indians: 73.4 per 100,000 persons, followed by Malays: 24.8 per 100,000 persons and Chinese: 14.6 per 100,000 persons. The mean age of diagnosis was 41.2 years for UC and 27.4 years for CD. Majority were non-smokers (UC: 76.9%, CD: 70.5%). The diseases were classified as follows: UC; proctitis (9.2%), left-sided colitis (50.2%) and extensive colitis (40.6%), CD; isolated ileal (22.7%), colonic (28.8%), ileocolonic (47.7%) and upper gastrointestinal (0.8%). 12.9% of CD patients had concurrent perianal disease. Extra intestinal manifestations were observed more in CD (53.8%) as compared to UC (12%). Dysplasia and malignancy, on the other hand, occurred more in UC (4.3%, n = 12) than in CD (0.8%, n = 1). Over one quarter (27.3%) of CD patients and 3.6% of UC patients received biologic therapy. CONCLUSION: The incidence of IBD is rising in Malaysia, especially in the last one decade. This might be associated with the urbanization and changing diets. Public and clinicians' awareness of this emerging disease in Malaysia is important for the timely detection and management.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In Malaysia, IBD incidence increased from 0.36 per 100,000 in the 1980s to 1.46 per 100,000 in 2010-2018, while prevalence remained low at 23 per 100,000 in 2018.
“a four-decade analysis of the incidence of IBD in Malaysia showed a slow increase from the 1980s (0.36 per 100,000), to the 1990s (0.48 per 100,000) and to the 2000s (0.63 per 100,000), and then more than doubling to 1.46 per 100,000 in the past decade (2010–2018); however, the prevalence of IBD in Malaysia remained low at 23 per 100,000 (0.023%) in 2018 (ref.48).”
From The four epidemiological stages in the global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
In Malaysia, the ulcerative colitis to Crohn's disease ratio was 5:1 in the 1980s and fell to 1.7:1 from 2010 to 2018.
“in Malaysia the ulcerative colitis to Crohn’s disease ratio was 5:1 in the 1980s and fell to 1.7:1 from 2010 to 2018 (ref.48).”
From The four epidemiological stages in the global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 33 · Cited by 55
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [22]Institute for Public Health, National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: non-communicable diseases, risk factors & other health problems; 2015. In. Edited by Aris T. MY, M.F., Abd Ghani, AA,, Ahmad N, Omar, MA, Hiong, TG, Mohd Hasri, NH, Mohd Radzi, NF, Manan, NS, Kamaruddin, NA, vol. 2. Kuala Lumpur: Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health; 2015: 174.
- Authors
- Mokhtar, N. M., Nawawi, K. N. M., Verasingam, J., Zhiqin, W., Sagap, I., Azman, Z. A. M., Mazlan, L., Hamid, H. A., Yaacob, N. Y., Rose, I. M., Den, E. L. N., Wan, M. S., & Raja Ali, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (MY)
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2019-06
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- S4
- Pages
- 550-550
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6565539
- OpenAlex
- W2952572092
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 4.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Microscopic Colitis
- Keywords
- inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, incidence trends, prevalence, sociodemographic factors, ethnic differences, smoking, age at diagnosis, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, East Asia, clinical features, disease classification, biologic therapy, immunosuppressive therapy, corticosteroids, mortality, quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Colitis, Ulcerative, Crohn Disease, Female, Humans, Malaysia, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Urbanization, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Incidence, Prevalence, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
