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Cited by 9Orthodontics and Dentofacial OrthopedicsDental Radiography and ImagingFacial Trauma and Fracture Management

Three-dimensional (3D) quantitative evaluation of the morphological changes of the upper anterior alveolar bone after retraction of a maxillary incisor

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Liu, Hong, Xi, Xun, Liu, Dongxu·2023·BMC Oral Health
DOI 10.1186/s12903-023-02976-2PMC PMC10186753
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Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess morphological changes of the upper anterior alveolus after retraction of a maxillary incisor by applying three-dimensional (3D) superimposition of pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data. Methods: The study group was comprised of 28 patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion who underwent incisor retraction. CBCT data were acquired before (T1) and after (T2) orthodontic treatment. Labial and palatal alveolar thickness were assessed at the crestal, midroot and apical levels of the retracted incisors. Following three-dimensional (3D) cranial base superimposition, we performed surface modeling and inner remodeling of the labial and palatal alveolar cortex of the maxillary incisors. Paired t-tests were used to compare T0 and T1 bone thickness and volume measurements. Comparisons between labial and palatal surface modeling, inner remodeling and outer surface modeling were performed with paired t-tests in SPSS 20.0 version. Results: We observed controlled tipping retraction of the upper incisor. After treatment, the alveolar thickness on the labial sides increased and the palatal alveolar thickness decreased. The labial cortex showed a wider range of modeling area with a larger bending height and a smaller bending angle than the palatal side. The extent of inner remodeling was more prominent than the outer surface on both the labial and palatal sides. Conclusions: Adaptive alveolar surface modeling occurred in response to incisor tipping retraction on both the lingual and labial sides although these changes occurred in an uncoordinated manner. Tipping retraction of the maxillary incisors led to a reduction in alveolar volume.

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  • Inadequate diversity in training datasets may lead to biased AI performance among different ethnic and socioeconomic groups.

    “Nonetheless, challenges remain, notably the inadequate diversity in training datasets, which may lead to biased AI performance among different ethnic and socioeconomic groups, as emphasized in a 2023 analysis of pediatric MID studies [89].”

    From Minimally Invasive Techniques for Managing Dental Caries in Children: Efficacy, Applications, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [89]

    The Methods (Study sample; page unavailable) describe an orthodontic study of maxillary incisor retraction in non-growing patients, not an analysis of pediatric MID studies. Searches for training-dataset diversity, AI bias, ethnicity, and socioeconomic groups found no passage addressing the attributed claim. (LLM, conf=0.79)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Liu, H., Xi, X., & Liu, D.
Affiliations
Shandong University (CN)
Corresponding author
Liu, Dongxu
ORCID
Venue
BMC Oral Health
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2023-05-15
Volume
23
Issue
1
Pages
295-295
ISSN
1472-6831 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12903-023-02976-2
PMC
PMC10186753
OpenAlex
W4376642465
Cited by
9
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3
FWCI
2.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Oral Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (2018GSF118199)
  • Shandong University Clinical Research Center (2020SDUCRCA005)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Orthodontics › Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Dental Radiography and Imaging
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Facial Trauma and Fracture Management
Keywords
maxillary incisor retraction, alveolar bone remodeling, alveolar bone thickness, Class II malocclusion, incisor tipping, orthodontic tooth movement, cone-beam computed tomography
MeSH terms
Cephalometry, Humans, Incisor, Malocclusion, Angle Class II, Maxilla, Tooth Movement Techniques, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

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