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Cited by 43Women's cancer prevention and managementCervical Cancer and HPV ResearchGlobal Cancer Incidence and Screening

Evaluating the effect of an educational program on increasing cervical cancer screening behavior among rural women in Guilan, Iran

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Eghbal, Sedighe Bab, Karimy, Mahmood, Kasmaei, Parisa, Roshan, Zahra Atrkar, Valipour, Roghieh, Attari, Seyedeh Maryam·2020·BMC Women's Health
DOI 10.1186/s12905-020-01020-7PMC PMC7372794

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Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the major health problems and the third prevalent cancer in women all around the world. As a simple, inexpensive, and with no side-effects, Pap test is a reliable way to screen cervical cancer. This study aimed to investigate, the effects of educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on doing Pap smear tests among the rural women of the north of Iran. Methods: In a quasi-experimental study, 160 rural women were randomly divided into control and experimental groups to experience a three-session intervention. The experimental group received the usual educational programs of rural health center and educational programs based on the HBM constructs through personal consultation, asking/answering questions, and an educational pamphlet. The control group, received the usual educational programs of rural health center. The post-test data were collected 2 months after the intervention and analyzed in SPSS-18. Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups regarding the mean score of knowledge, performance and constructs of the HBM. After the intervention, however, there was a significant difference in the mean scores of knowledge performance and all constructs of the HBM in two groups ( p < 0.001). Rate of doing the Pap smear test in the experimental group increased from 18.7 to 78.7% in the intervention group. Conclusion: These findings support the effectiveness of cervical cancer prevention programs based on the HBM. Therefore, conducting similar programs in other regions is recommended.

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  • According to the National Cervical Cancer Program in Iran, screening should be done for all women after marriage, with women under 21 having a Pap smear test after 3 years of their first intercourse and women over 21 after 1 year of their first intercourse.

    “According to the National Cervical Cancer Program in Iran, screening should be done for all women after marriage, so women under 21 should have a Pap smear test after 3 years of their first intercourse and women over 21 after 1 year of their first intercourse [6].”

    From Effectiveness of educational intervention on women’s participation to cervical cancer screening: a quasi-experimental study based on PEN-3 model (2022) · cites this paper as [6]

    The Background says Pap smears are conducted every three years for women who are or have been sexually active. It does not state the Iranian national program’s rules for starting screening after marriage or the claimed one- and three-year intervals after first intercourse; searches for those age-specific rules found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.72)

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Research works printed but not linked: 23

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Eghbal, S. B., Karimy, M., Kasmaei, P., Roshan, Z. A., Valipour, R., & Attari, S. M.
Affiliations
  • Guilan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • Saveh University of Medical Sciences (IR)
Corresponding author
Kasmaei, Parisa
ORCID
Venue
BMC Women's Health
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-07-20
Volume
20
Issue
1
Pages
149-149
ISSN
1472-6874 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12905-020-01020-7
PMC
PMC7372794
OpenAlex
W3043203052
Cited by
43
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6
FWCI
3.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Women s Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
Keywords
cervical cancer screening, Pap smear, Health Belief Model, educational intervention, rural women, health knowledge, screening behavior, cervical cancer prevention, Gilan
MeSH terms
Health Belief Model, Adult, Aged, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Female, Health Education, Humans, Iran, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Rural Health, Rural Population, Vaginal Smears, Program Evaluation, Early Detection of Cancer, Papanicolaou Test

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