The DOI matches its Crossref record; 111 of the 111 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Challenges and opportunities in examining and addressing intersectional stigma and health
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: 'Intersectional stigma' is a concept that has emerged to characterize the convergence of multiple stigmatized identities within a person or group, and to address their joint effects on health and wellbeing. While enquiry into the intersections of race, class, and gender serves as the historical and theoretical basis for intersectional stigma, there is little consensus on how best to characterize and analyze intersectional stigma, or on how to design interventions to address this complex phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to highlight existing intersectional stigma literature, identify gaps in our methods for studying and addressing intersectional stigma, provide examples illustrating promising analytical approaches, and elucidate priorities for future health research. DISCUSSION: Evidence from the existing scientific literature, as well as the examples presented here, suggest that people in diverse settings experience intersecting forms of stigma that influence their mental and physical health and corresponding health behaviors. As different stigmas are often correlated and interrelated, the health impact of intersectional stigma is complex, generating a broad range of vulnerabilities and risks. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches are required to reduce the significant knowledge gaps that remain in our understanding of intersectional stigma, shared identity, and their effects on health. CONCLUSIONS: Stigmatized identities, while often analyzed in isolation, do not exist in a vacuum. Intersecting forms of stigma are a common reality, yet they remain poorly understood. The development of instruments and methods to better characterize the mechanisms and effects of intersectional stigma in relation to various health conditions around the globe is vital. Only then will healthcare providers, public health officials, and advocates be able to design health interventions that capitalize on the positive aspects of shared identity, while reducing the burden of stigma.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Intersectional stigma results in reciprocally constructed stigma manifestations that are not unitary, mutually exclusive entities.10”
From An acceptance-based, intersectional stigma coping intervention for people with HIV who inject drugs—a randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-3352 · Cited by 36,647
(2006) · Cited by 18,730
Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity
(1969) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.45.527.642 · Cited by 14,255
Constructing Grounded Theory. A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis
Boyle, C., & Barker, A. (2006) · QMiP Bulletin · doi:10.53841/bpsqmip.2006.1.2.36 · Cited by 11,844
Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity.
Seeman, M. S., & Goffman, E. (1964) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2091442 · Cited by 10,716
Crenshaw, K. (2018) · Feminist Legal Theory · doi:10.4324/9780429500480-5 · Cited by 9,510
The Complexity of Intersectionality
McCall, L. (2005) · Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society · doi:10.1086/426800 · Cited by 6,682
The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: Validity of a Two-Item Depression Screener
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2003) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000093487.78664.3c · Cited by 6,359
Lippa, N. C., & Sanderson, S. C. (2013) · Human Heredity · doi:10.1159/000353712 · Cited by 6,095
Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease.
Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. (1995) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2626958 · Cited by 5,722
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Aguilar DD. Tracing the Roots of Intersectionality. Monthly Review. 2012; https://mronline.org/2012/04/12/aguilar120412-html/ . Accessed 12 Dec 2018.
- UNAIDS. Jamaica Country Progress Report. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2014.
- Jamaican Ministry of Health. HIV Epidemiological Profile 2014, Facts and Figures. Kingston: MoH; 2014.
- International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. State-Sponsored Homophobia: A World Survey of Sexual Orientatoin Laws: Criminalization, Protection, and Recognition. 11th ed. Geneva: ILGA; 2017.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Stigma reduction interventions in people living with HIV to improve health-related quality of life
Zeluf, G., Reinius, M., Eriksson, L. E., Svedhem, V., Esfahani, F. M., Deuba, K., Rao, D., Lyatuu, G., Giovenco, D., & Ekström, A. M. (2019) · The Lancet HIV · doi:10.1016/s2352-3018(19)30343-1 · Cited by 312
Babel, R. A., Wang, P., Alessi, E. J., Raymond, H. F., & Wei, C. (2021) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-021-03262-4 · Cited by 277
Suen, L. W., Lunn, M. R., Katuzny, K. E., Finn, S. B., Duncan, L. G., Sevelius, J. M., Flentje, A., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Hunt, C., et al. (2020) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-020-01810-y · Cited by 286
Countries and Cultural Differences in the Stigma of Mental Illness: The East–West Divide
Krendl, A. C., & Pescosolido, B. A. (2020) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022119901297 · Cited by 237
The Impact of Stigma on People with Opioid Use Disorder, Opioid Treatment, and Policy
Cheetham, A., Picco, L., Barnett, A., Lubman, D. I., & Nielsen, S. (2022) · Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation · doi:10.2147/sar.s304566 · Cited by 232
Metadata
- Authors
- Turan, J. M., Elafros, M. A., Logie, C. H., Banik, S., Turan, B., Crockett, K. B., Pescosolido, B., & Murray, S. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Baldwin Wallace University (US)
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Turan, Janet M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMC Medicine
- Published
- 2019-02-15
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7-7
- ISSN
- 1741-7015 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6376691
- OpenAlex
- W2921381402
- Cited by
- 764
- References
- 111
- Citations by year
- 2026: 79 · 2025: 116 · 2024: 120 · 2023: 120 · 2022: 140 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 17
- FWCI
- 164.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TSpace (University of Toronto) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01 TW006374, 1R21 DA033719, P30 AI027767)
- Indian Council of Medical Research
- UAB Center for AIDS Research
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH104114)
- Ontario Ministry of Research & Innovation Early Researcher Award
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (T32HS013852)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- intersectional stigma, health disparities, mental health, physical health, health behavior, shared identity, stigma measurement instrument, health interventions
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Male, Social Stigma
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
