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Cited by 34Smoking Behavior and CessationGlobal Public Health Policies and EpidemiologyLGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy

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A scoping review on disparities in exposure to advertising for e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products and implications for advancing a health equity research agenda

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Grilo, Graziele, Crespi, Elizabeth, Cohen, Joanna E.·2021·International Journal for Equity in Health
DOI 10.1186/s12939-021-01576-2PMC PMC8557615
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Abstract

Background: Disparities in exposure to and density of tobacco advertising are well established; however, it is still unclear how e-cigarette and heated tobacco product (HTP) advertising vary by age, education, sex, gender identity, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status (SES), and/or urban/rural area. Through a scoping review, we sought to identify potential disparities in exposure to e-cigarette and HTP advertising and promotion across populations. Methods: In January 2020, a systematic literature search was conducted in five databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The search was updated in October 2020. Articles reporting on exposure to e-cigarette and/or HTP advertising and promotion across age, education, sex, gender identity, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, SES, and/or urban/rural areas were included for full-text review (n = 25). Of those, 15 were deemed relevant for data extraction. Results: The majority of the studies were from the U.S. (n = 12) and cross-sectional (n = 14). Studies were published between 2014 and 2020 and focused on determining causal relationships that underlie disparities; only one study assessed HTP advertising and promotion. Exposure to e-cigarette and HTP advertising was assessed at the individual-level (e.g., recall seeing ads on television) and at the neighborhood-level (e.g., ad density at the point-of-sale). Studies addressed differences across age (n = 6), education (n = 2), sex (n = 6), gender identity and sexual orientation (n = 3), race/ethnicity (n = 11), SES (n = 5), and urban/rural (n = 2). The following populations were more likely to be exposed to e-cigarette advertising: youth, those with more than a high school diploma, males, sexual and gender minorities, Whites, and urban residents. At the neighborhood-level, e-cigarette advertisements were more prevalent in non-White neighborhoods. Conclusions: Exposure to e-cigarette/HTP advertising varies based on sociodemographic characteristics, although the literature is limited especially regarding HTPs. Higher exposure among youth might increase tobacco-related disparities since it can lead to nicotine/tobacco use. Research should incorporate and apply a health equity lens from its inception to obtain data to inform the elimination of those disparities.

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  • Advertisements and marketing promoting commodities harmful to health such as ultra-processed foods, tobacco, alcohol, and gambling are omnipresent and enhanced via home delivery platforms.

    “Advertisements and marketing promoting commodities harmful to health such as ultra-processed foods, tobacco, alcohol, and gambling are omnipresent 3 -7 and enhanced via home delivery platforms (e.g., Just Eat and Deliveroo).”

    From Associations between social media, adolescent mental health, and diet: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as [4]

    The Results (Age; page unavailable) describe e-cigarette advertising exposure across point-of-sale, internet, television, and print platforms, supporting the tobacco portion of the statement. The review does not establish that advertising for ultra-processed foods, alcohol, and gambling is omnipresent. The home-delivery-platform clause appears after the citation and is not judged as attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Metadata

Authors
Grilo, G., Crespi, E., & Cohen, J. E.
Affiliations
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author
Grilo, Graziele
ORCID
Venue
International Journal for Equity in Health
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-10-30
Volume
20
Issue
1
Pages
238-238
ISSN
1475-9276 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12939-021-01576-2
PMC
PMC8557615
OpenAlex
W3208233095
Cited by
34
References
60
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5
FWCI
0.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal for Equity in Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (76853)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Keywords
e-cigarette advertising, heated tobacco products, health equity, sociodemographic disparities, race and ethnicity, sexual and gender minorities, youth tobacco exposure, point-of-purchase advertising, socioeconomic status, urban-rural differences
MeSH terms
Health Equity, Adolescent, Advertising, Cross-Sectional Studies, Gender Identity, Humans, Male, Tobacco Products, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems

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