Regulation of mTORC1 by growth factors, energy status, amino acids and mechanical stimuli at a glance
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The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis. Activation of the complex leads to phosphorylation of two important sets of substrates, namely eIF4E binding proteins and ribosomal S6 kinases. Phosphorylation of these substrates then leads to an increase in protein synthesis, mainly by enhancing translation initiation. mTORC1 activity is regulated by several inputs, such as growth factors, energy status, amino acids and mechanical stimuli. Research in this field is rapidly evolving and unraveling how these inputs regulate the complex. Therefore this review attempts to provide a brief and up-to-date narrative on the regulation of this marvelous protein complex. Additionally, some sports supplements which have been shown to regulate mTORC1 activity are discussed.
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Muscle protein synthesis response to amino acids is impaired, in part via suppression of insulin signalling, which is required to drive mTORC1 signalling for protein synthesis.
“Besides the direct inflammation‐induced mechanisms explained in earlier section, the muscle protein synthesis response to amino acids is also impaired, in part via the suppression of insulin signalling, which is required to drive mTORC1 signalling for protein synthesis.[ 84 ]”
From Pathogenesis of sarcopenia and the relationship with fat mass: descriptive review (2022) · cites this paper as [84]
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References 104 · Cited by 121
- Authors
- Bond, P.
- Affiliations
- PeterBond.nl Waterhoenlaan 25 Zeist Netherlands
- Corresponding author
- Bond, Peter
- ORCID
- Bond, Peter
- Venue
- Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-01-05
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 8-8
- ISSN
- 1550-2783 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4774173
- OpenAlex
- W2288940883
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 1.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- mTORC1, skeletal muscle protein synthesis, growth factors, energy status, amino acids, mechanical stimuli, eIF4E-binding protein, RSK, translation initiation, sports supplements
- MeSH terms
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Amino Acids, Animals, Humans, Muscle Proteins, Phosphorylation, Protein Binding, Growth Hormone, Protein Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements, Active Transport, Cell Nucleus, Multiprotein Complexes, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
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