Brain inflammation and hypertension: the chicken or the egg?
Open accessAbstract
Inflammation of forebrain and hindbrain nuclei controlling the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) outflow from the brain to the periphery represents an emerging concept of the pathogenesis of neurogenic hypertension. Angiotensin II (Ang-II) and prorenin were shown to increase production of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) while simultaneously decreasing production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the rostral ventral lateral medulla. Peripheral chronic inflammation and Ang-II activity seem to share a common central mechanism contributing to an increase in sympathetic neurogenic vasomotor tone and entailing neurogenic hypertension. Both hypertension and obesity facilitate the penetration of peripheral immune cells in the brain parenchyma. We suggest that renin-angiotensin-driven hypertension encompasses feedback and feedforward mechanisms in the development of neurogenic hypertension while low-intensity, chronic peripheral inflammation of any origin may serve as a model of a feedforward mechanism in this condition.
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Neuroinflammation in central sympathetic regions is observed in hypertension.
“Neuroinflammation in central sympathetic regions is observed in hypertension172,173”
From The gut microbiota and the brain–gut–kidney axis in hypertension and chronic kidney disease (2018) · cites this paper as [173]
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References 95 · Cited by 116
- Authors
- Winklewski, P. J., Radkowski, M., Wszedybyl-Winklewska, M., & Demkow, U.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of Warsaw (PL)
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroinflammation
- Published
- 2015-05-03
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 85-85
- ISSN
- 1742-2094 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4432955
- OpenAlex
- W2054523815
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 2.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroinflammation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny (1M24/N/2015)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Keywords
- neurogenic hypertension, neuroinflammation, angiotensin II, renin-angiotensin system, prorenin, sympathetic nervous system, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, inflammatory cytokines, IL-10, reactive oxygen species, obesity, vascular tone
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Encephalitis, Humans, Hypertension
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