Bridging autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia through inflammation and biomarkers – pre-clinical and clinical investigations
Open accessAbstract
In recent years, evidence supporting a link between inflammation and neuropsychiatric disorders has been mounting. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia share some clinical similarities which we hypothesize might reflect the same biological basis, namely, in terms of inflammation. However, the diagnosis of ASD and schizophrenia relies solely on clinical symptoms, and to date, there is no clinically useful biomarker to diagnose or monitor the course of such illnesses.The focus of this review is the central role that inflammation plays in ASD and schizophrenia. It spans from pre-clinical animal models to clinical research and excludes in vitro studies. Four major areas are covered: (1) microglia, the inflammatory brain resident myeloid cells, (2) biomarkers, including circulating cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and microRNA players, known to influence cellular processes at brain and immune levels, (3) effect of anti-psychotics on biomarkers and other predictors of response, and (4) impact of gender on response to immune activation, biomarkers, and response to anti-psychotic treatments.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In neurodevelopmental disorders, microglia can have impaired pruning or secrete molecules that contribute to CNS hyperactivity.
“Although not as clear in neurodevelopmental disorder, microglia can have impaired pruning or secrete molecules that contribute to hyperactivity in the CNS [7, 9].”
From Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Microglia in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [9]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 275 · Cited by 115
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [218]Stahl SM. Neuroscientific basis and practical applications. 4th Edition ed. 2013; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Essent Psychopharmacol.
- Authors
- Prata, J., Santos, S. G., Almeida, M. I., Coelho, R., & Barbosa, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Santos, Susana G.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroinflammation
- Published
- 2017-09-04
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 179-179
- ISSN
- 1742-2094 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5584030
- OpenAlex
- W2751434657
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 275
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 16
- FWCI
- 1.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroinflammation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, neuroinflammation, biomarkers, microglia, serum cytokines, oxidative stress, microRNA, antipsychotic treatment response, gender differences, immune activation, animal models
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Animals, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Inflammation, RNA, Messenger, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic Agents, Biomarkers, Cytokines, Microglia, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation Mediators
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
